进口冲击、服务化与制造业的就业效应分析

Import Shock,Servitization and Employment Effect in Manufacturing Industry

国际贸易自由化使得诸多企业选择将产业转移至更低成本的国家或地区,这就意味着进口冲击会导致我国制造行业就业岗位的流失。通过理论逻辑的分析并通过实证检验证实制造业可以通过服务化有效地缓解进口冲击对我国制造业就业岗位造成的负面影响,实证检验证实了服务化的这种正向的调节作用,而且进口冲击造成的就业效应以及服务化的缓解作用都主要体现在重工业部门中,进一步的分析也表明不同业务类型的服务化在这其中的作用存在显著的异质性。制造业在面对进口冲击时,行业内的劳动力需求以及供给会受到影响,研究其作用机理有助于更好地理解制造业服务化在这其中的调节性作用。

The liberalization of international trade makes many enterprises choose to transfer their industries to countries or regions with lower costs,which means that the impact of imports will lead to the loss of jobs in China’s manufacturing industry.Through theoretical logic analysis and empirical test,it is confirmed that the manufacturing industry can effectively mitigate the negative impact of the import shock on China’s manufacturing employment through service,and the empirical test confirms the positive regulatory role of service,and the employment effect caused by the import shock and the mitigation role of service are mainly reflected in the heavy industry sector,Further analysis also shows that there is significant heterogeneity in the role of service of different business types.When the manufacturing industry faces the impact of import,the demand and supply of labor force in the industry will be affected.Studying the mechanism will help to better understand the regulatory role of manufacturing service in this.