滇池西岸湿地公园园林植物外来种生态风险评价

Ecological risk assessment of alien landscaping plants in wetland parks on the west bank of Dianchi Lake

【目的】对滇池西岸3个湿地公园内园林植物外来种进行生态风险评价,探究其潜在生态风险、风险特征和危害现状。【方法】通过线路踏查法和重点区域普查法对滇池西岸的3个湿地公园进行调查,收集园林植物外来种生长特性、生态特征、地理区系、扩散逸生等数据,并结合专家咨询法、层次分析法和聚类分析法,构建生态风险评价体系对小区域园林植物外来种进行评价。【结果】3个湿地公园共有93种园林植物外来种,隶属48科77属,地理区系以世界广布种和热带广布种为主,乔木(含竹类)、灌木(含藤本)、草本所占比例分别为39.78%、30.11%、30.11%。在被评价的58种园林植物外来种中,圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea、凤眼蓝Eichhornia crassipes、加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis等为高风险植物,蒲苇Cortaderia selloana、秋英Cosmos bipinnatus、红车轴草Trifolium pratense等为中风险植物。层次聚类分析表明:中高风险植物因风险成因特征接近,与聚类中心的距离比低风险植物更为接近;同一风险下乔灌木因生长特征接近,与聚类中心的距离比草本植物更为接近。【结论】被评价的58种园林植物外来种中,高、中风险物种以草本占大多数,且以世界广布种为主。在该区域引种应用园林植物外来种需慎重选择、严格防控,高风险植物需及时清除,特别要加大对加拿大一枝黄花的防治力度。

[Objective]This study aims to evaluate the ecological risk of alien species of landscaping plants in 3 wetland parks on the west bank of Dianchi Lake,and explore their potential ecological risk,risk characteristics and hazard status.[Method]By route inspection method and key regional reconnaissance method,3 wetland parks on the west bank of Dianchi Lake were investigated.Data on the growth characteristics,ecological characteristics,geographical flora,diffusion and escape of alien species of landscaping plants were collected.Combined with expert consultation method,analytic hierarchy process and cluster analysis,the ecological risk assessment system was established to evaluate alien species of landscaping plants in small areas.[Result]There were 93 species of alien landscaping plants in the 3 wetland parks,belonging to 48 families and 77 genera,and geographical flora was dominated by world widespread and tropical widespread varieties.The proportions of trees(including bamboo),shrubs(including vine)and herbs were 39.78%,30.11%and 30.11%,respectively.Among the 58 alien species evaluated,Pharbitis purpurea,Eichhornia crassipes,and Solidago canadensis were high risk plants,while Cortaderia selloana,Cosmos bipinnatus,and Trifolium pratense were medium risk plants.Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the risk genetic characteristics of the medium and high risk plants were similar,and the distance to the cluster center was closer than that of the low risk plants.Under the same risk,trees and shrubs were closer to the cluster center than herbs because of their similar growth characteristics.[Conclusion]Among the 58 alien species evaluated,herbaceous plants account for the majority of the high and medium risk species,and most of them are widely distributed in the world.The application of alien species of landscaping plants in this area should be selected and controlled strictly.High risk plants need to be cleared in time especially S.canadensis.