数据规则的国内构建、国际竞争和协调

Domestic Construction,International Competition and Coordination of Data Rules

在全球化时代,数据领域竞争与合作相交织,协调各国数据规范并形成国际规则的需求比较强烈。经济利益、价值理念、国家安全等因素在形成数据规则过程中发挥了重要作用。主要经济体尽力平衡各类政策因素,并基于优先考虑因素形成不同的制度特征。基于制度特征,主要经济体参与国际竞争和协调:通过域外适用的方式扩大国内规则的适用范围和影响力;与其他国家签订双边、区域协定以及建立相应合作机制,在一定程度上形成数据流动联盟;在WTO等国际平台上提出国际规则诉求。中国应当审慎研判数据规则竞争与合作的现状,基于国情和形势做好应对准备:借鉴他国有益经验,动态调整和完善国内规则,在以更加具有针对性和隐蔽性的方式保障国家安全的前提下,促进数据利用和流通,同时积极构建国际数据流动圈,参与国际规则建设。

In the digital age,there is a strong need to harmonize national data norms and form international rules.Factors such as economic interests,values,and national security play an important role in the formation of data rules.Major economies try to balance various policy factors and develop different institutional characteristics based on priorities.Based on institutional characteristics,major economies participate in international competition and coordination:expand the scope and influence of domestic rules through the extraterritorial application,sign bilateral and regional agreements with other countries and establish corresponding cooperation mechanisms to form data flow alliance to a certain extent,put forward rule appeals on international platforms such as the WTO.China should carefully study and judge the status quo of competition and cooperation in data rules,and prepare for responses based on national conditions and situations.Our country should also learn from the useful experience of other countries,dynamically adjust and improve domestic rules.On the premise of safeguarding national security in a more targeted and covert manner,China could promote the use and circulation of data,while actively building international data flow circles and participating in international rule construction.