西安市企业社区老年居民幸福感的建成环境影响

Impact of the Built Environment on the Well-Being of Older Residents in the Enterprise Communities of Xi'an City

文章构建外部建成环境、内部建成环境、社区综合感知、社区凝聚力、个体特征5个维度15个概念变量的分析框架,基于西安市企业社区建成环境兴趣点(POI)数据与社会调查数据,建立多层线性回归模型并进行中介效应检验,定量探究企业社区老年居民幸福感的建成环境影响。研究发现:企业社区老年居民幸福感整体水平一般,李克特5分制量表下平均得分为3.54。与日常生活密切相关的风景类、医疗类、公共设施类等外部环境场所的可达性是老年居民幸福感的促进因子,老年居民对居住条件、社区绿化配置、内部道路和景观的主观感知以及对社区的综合感知正向影响幸福感;社区综合感知在设施POI类型的熵指数、公共设施类场所可达性对老年居民幸福感的影响中发挥中介作用。最后,提出风景绿地空间建设、医疗服务站点完善与公共设施场所服务质量提升,以及居住环境优化、住房条件改善与社区养老护理机构建设等方面的建成环境改进建议。

In the context of social aging and urban renewal,deepening the transformation logic and humanistic care of residential spaces in the inner city is of great practical significance.Existing studies on the built environment of cities and residents'well-being are mostly empirical studies conducted in different geographical backgrounds.Relevant studies have paid more attention to the well-being of residents in this region.However,only a few studies have been conducted in specific regions or populations.In particular,research on the impact of well-being among older groups in relatively poor neighborhoods is lacking.Enterprise communities(ECs)are walled-off residential spaces that were built and managed mostly by the state or collectively owned enterprises to house workers during the planned economic period.Many ECs are still used in urban China;however,they have a large proportion of older adults,outdated buildings,and facilities.EC is an important place for urban renewal and inner-city space reuse,and it is typical and representative to explore the impact of the built environment on the well-being of older residents.The quality of the internal and external environments has a profound impact on the well-being of residents.This study constructs an analytical framework of 15 concept variables in five dimensions:external built environment,internal built environment,comprehensive community perception,community cohesion,and individual characteristics.Based on the Point of Interest(POI)data and social survey data in the built environment of Xi'an enterprise communities,this study establishes a hierarchical linear model and conducts a mediating effect test.Thus,we can quantitatively explore the impact of the built environment on the well-being of older residents in enterprise communities.The study found that the overall level of happiness of older residents in the EC was average,with an average score of 3.54 points.The accessibility of external environmental places,such as scenery,medical care,and public facilities,which are closely related to daily life,promotes the well-being of older residents.Older residents'subjective perception of living conditions,community greening configuration,internal roads and landscapes,and comprehensive perception of the community can positively affect their well-being.Compared to the external built environment,the internal environment of the community is more closely related to the life and travel of older residents and has a stronger impact on happiness.Therefore,the internal environment of a community is the focus of construction to improve residents'happiness and quality of life.In addition,regarding the impact of the POI entropy index and accessibility of public facilities on the well-being of older residents,residents'comprehensive perception of the community plays an intermediary role.This study proposes some built environment improvement suggestions on the construction of landscape green space and improvement in medical service stations and the service quality of public facilities,as well as optimization of the living environment,improvement of housing conditions,and construction of community older care institutions.Overall,insight into the impact of the built environment on the well-being of older residents in enterprise communities will not only help strengthen the awareness of residents'well-being but also enrich the theory of unit communities and succession of urban residential spaces.To enhance residents'well-being,this study provides corresponding planning strategies in terms of effectively supplying daily life circle spaces and optimizing the public service system to increase the scientific connotation of urban renewal.