《果裸转语记》同源词的体认逻辑初探

Preliminary Study on the Embodied-cognitive Logic of Cognates in Guo Luo Derivation

清代学者程瑶田的《果裸转语记》从“果裸”一词出发,将与该词相关的332个同源词联贯起来,阐发了“声随形命,字依声立”的音转道理与事物命名规律。在王寅《〈果臝转语记〉现代汉语译本及其学术价值的当代解读》的基础上,对《果裸转语记》同源词进行体认语言学解读,得出程瑶田对同源词的三个体认特征,即突破语体的雅俗对立,体现雅俗共现的现实根源性;突破语词范畴的静态归类,体现语词流转的动态体认性;突破理据性研究的现有路径,体现语词生成的文象融合性。以同源词的三个体认特征为基础,通过对同源词体认机制的探究,构建了《果裸转语记》同源词的体认逻辑,该体认逻辑验证了体认语言学中“现实”因素的基础作用,同时彰显了“语言”因素本身在语词生成与语言体认中的重要作用。

Cheng Yaotian, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote an article named Guo Luo Derivation, in which he links up 332cognates starting from the word "Guo Luo" and expounds the sound transformation principle and the rule of naming things, i.e., "the sound follows the shape and the character follows the sound". On the basis of Wang Yin’s modern Chinese translation and contemporary academic interpretation of Guo Luo Derivation, three features of Cheng Yaotian’s embodied cognition on cognates can be found from the perspective of Embodied-cognitive Linguistics(ECL): the co-occurrence of elegance and ordinariness instead of their binary opposition, the dynamic embodiment of word derivation instead of static classification of word categories, the integration of word and iconicity beyond the current theories of motivation. Based on the three features and by studying the Embodied-cognitive Mechanism,the Embodied-cognitive Logic of cognates is constructed, which verifies the fundamental function of "reality" in ECL and also shows the importance of "language" itself in word formation and the Embodiment-cognition of Language.