黄土高塬沟壑区忍冬引种栽培试验

Introduction and Cultivation of Lonicera japonica in Gullied Loess Plateaus

引进适宜黄土高塬沟壑区气候环境的植物资源,既能改善生态环境,又能增加经济收入。从河北巨鹿县引进了5个忍冬品种/类型,于2019—2021年在甘肃省庆阳市西峰区的南小河沟坡地梯田和董志塬地进行引种栽培试验,发现5个忍冬品种/类型栽植成活率平均达93%,株高、冠幅增长快,枝多花繁,符合高效水土保持植物的条件;塬地种植的灌丛状、藤本、树型3个类型忍冬干花平均产量为413 kg/hm^(2),仅相当于“北花1号”和“四季金银花”2个审定品种干花年均产量1 500 kg/hm^(2)的27.3%,说明2个审定品种在黄土高塬沟壑区继续推广种植的潜力更大;2个审定品种“北花1号”和“四季金银花”在塬地上的冠幅均大于坡地梯田,干花产量塬地也明显高于坡地梯田,说明塬地比坡地梯田更适于种植。试验还总结了一套忍冬嫩枝扦插技术,为进一步开展忍冬扩繁提供了技术储备。

The introduction of plant resources suitable for climate environment in gullied loess plateaus can not only improve ecological environment, but also increase economic income. Five varieties/types of Lonicera japonica were introduced from Julu County, Hebei Province, and the experiment was carried out in Nanxiaohegou slope terraces and Dongzhi tableland of Xifeng District, Qingyang City, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2021. It is found that a) the survival rate of 5 Lonicera japonica varieties/types is 93%. The plant height and crown width increase rapidly, and the branches and flowers are numerous, which meet the conditions of efficient soil and water conservation plants;b) the average yield of three Lonicera japonica types dried flowers of shrub type, vine type and tree type planted on tableland is 413 kg/hm^(2),which is equal to only 27. 3% of the average annual yield of dried flowers of Lonicera japonica“No. 1 beihua” and Lonicera japonica“semperflorens” of 1 500 kg/hm^(2), indicating that the two approved varieties have greater potential for further cultivation in gullied loess plateaus and;c) the crown width of the two approved varieties Lonicera japoni-ca“No. 1 beihua” and Lonicera japonica“semperflorens” on the tableland is larger than that of the slope terrace. The yield of dried flowers in table-land is higher than that in slope terrace, indicating that tableland is more suitable for planting than slope terrace. The experiment also has summa-rized a set of cuttage technology of Lonicera japonica, which provided technical reserve for further development of lonicera japonica propagation.