不同化控产品对淮北地区小麦抗倒性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Chemical Control Agents on the Lodging Resistance and Yield of Wheat in Huaibei Area

为加快化控新产品在小麦生产上的推广应用,2021—2022年度在江苏省徐州市睢宁县进行不同化控产品对淮北地区小麦抗倒性及产量的影响试验。比较了“灵滟”(20.8%烯效·甲哌鎓)、“矮壮丰”(8%腐植酸调节叶面剂)、“爱久收”(含腐植酸水溶肥料,腐植酸质量浓度≥30 g/L)、“直播龙”(脲铵氮肥,总氮质量分数≥30%)、“劲丰谷德”(稻麦增产抗倒调节剂)对小麦抗倒性及产量等方面的影响。结果表明:“灵滟”60 m L/667 m^(2)对水30 kg/667 m^(2)在返青期—拔节期叶面喷施是通过抑制基部节间长度降低株高,对节间生长有明显的抑制作用,控制了整体株高,有效降低中心,缩短了营养物质运输的距离,有利于小麦灌浆;第2节间粗度较对照增加4.65%,抗折力较对照增加41.67%,显著提高基部第2节间茎秆抗折力,促进穗生长发育;产量较对照增加4.13%,增产效果较好。“矮壮丰”50 m L/667 m^(2)对水30 kg/667 m^(2)在拔节期叶面喷施对节间生长有明显的抑制作用,控制第5节间(穗茎节)的长度,通过抑制上部节间生长降低株高;增加第3节间粗度,第2节间抗折力较对照增加25.00%,显著提高抗折力;使小麦穗数足、穗粒数多,穗粒数较对照增加0.56%,千粒质量较对照增加7.96%,产量较对照增加9.68%,增产效果较好。“爱久收”100 m L/667 m^(2)对水30 kg/667 m^(2)在破口期叶面喷施是通过抑制上部节间生长降低株高,增加上部节间粗度,第2节间抗折力较对照增加16.67%,产量较对照增加0.23%。“直播龙”10 kg/667 m^(2)在拔节前追施是通过抑制基部节间长度降低株高,增加第2节间粗度,第2节间抗折力较对照增加16.67%,产量较对照增加4.51%。“劲丰谷德”100 m L/667 m^(2)对水30 kg/667 m^(2)在破口期叶面喷施抑制上部节间生长,降低株高,增加上部节间粗度,第2节间抗折力较对照增加16.67%,产量较对照增加1.24%。综上,“矮壮丰”50 m L/667 m^(2)对水30 kg/667 m^(2)在拔节期叶面喷施,“灵滟”60 m L/667 m^(2)对水30 kg/667 m^(2)在返青期—拔节期叶面喷施,综合效果较好。

In order to identify effective new chemical control agents and accelerate their promotion and application to wheat production,we conducted a field trial to assess the effects of five chemical control agents on the lodging resistance and yield of the wheat variety Xumai 818 in Suining County,Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province from 2021 to 2022.These agents consisted of Lingyan(20.8%enoxo·methylpipionium),Aizhuangfeng(a foliar fertilizer containing 8%humic acid),Aijiushou(a water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid≥30 g/L),Zhibolong[a nitrogen(N)fertilizer with total N≥30%comprising urea N≥13%and ammonium N≥17%],Jinfenggude(a new regulator with the function of improving the lodging resistance and yields of rice and wheat,with trace elements,B vitamins and plant activators as its main components).The results showed that treatment 1(spray-application of Lingyan at 60 m L/667 m^(2)against water 30 kg/667 m^(2)to leaves at the reviving and jointing stages)reduced plant height by decreasing the basal internode length,significantly inhibiting internode growth and hence controlling the overall plant height.Relative to the control without any chemical control agent(CK),it elevated the thickness of the second internode by 4.65%,leading to greater culm width and wall thickness,and significantly enhanced its bending resistance by 41.67%.It also increased panicle length,resulting in larger and uniform panicle shape of the population,thus promoting panicle growth and development and improving yield by 4.13%relative to CK,which indicated that this treatment had a significant effect of improving yield.Treatment 2(spray-application of Aizhuangfeng at 50 m L/667 m^(2)against water at 30 kg/667 m^(2)to leaves at jointing stage)significantly inhibited internode growth,controlled the length of the 5th internode(panicle node),reduced plant height by inhibiting the growth of upper internodes,increased the thickness of the 3rd internode,and elevated the bending resistance of the 2nd internode by 25.00%compared with CK,significantly improving lodging resistance and bringing a sufficiency of wheat panicle number and grain number per panicle,with increases in grain number per panicle by 0.56%,in 1000-grain weight by 7.96%,and in yield by 9.68%relative to CK,which demonstrated that treatment 2 had the strongest yield-improving effect among all the treatments.Treatment 3(spray-application of Aijiushou at 100 mL/667 m^(2)against water at 30 kg/667 m^(2)to leaves at the beginning of heading stage)reduced plant height,inhibited the growth of upper internodes while increasing their thickness;compared with CK,the bending strength of the second internode increased by 16.67%and the yield rose by 0.23%in this treatment.Treatment 4(application of Zhibolong at 10 kg/667 m^(2)before jointing stage)decreased plant height by inhibiting internode growth,thus controlling the overall plant height and increasing the second internode thickness;the bending strength of the second internode and yield increased by 16.67%and 4.51%,respectively,in this treatment compared with CK.Treatment 5(spray-application of Jinfenggude at 100 mL/667 m^(2)against water at 30 kg/667 m^(2)to leaves at the beginning of heading stage)inhibited the growth of upper internodes,reduced plant height,and increased the thickness of upper internodes;the bending strength of the second internode increased by 16.67%and the yield increased by 1.24%in this treatment compared with CK.All the five treatments enhanced plant lodging resistance,promoted floret differentiation,delayed premature senescence,and increased 1000-grain weight and yield.Taken together,these results showed that treatment 1 and treatment 2 had stronger effects of improving wheat lodging resistance and yield than the other ones.