基于动态安全距离的CACC车辆混合交通流模型

CACC vehicle mixed traffic flow model based on dynamic safety distance

随着车联网技术的快速发展,协同自适应巡航控制车辆(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control, CACC)成为未来智慧交通发展的主要趋势.本文基于Gipps安全距离模型,通过引入动态安全距离来考虑CACC车辆与传统车辆的驾驶特点,提出了一种精细化的混合交通流数值仿真模型.结合小尺寸网格元胞自动机的演化规则,对比不同反应时间下不同车辆比例的基本混合交通流特征.结果表明:考虑动态安全距离的车道混合交通流基本图符合三相交通流理论的基本特征;同时,提高CACC车辆的比例和减小车辆的反应时间能够提高车道车辆的平均速度,改善车道整体流量和拥堵情况,并且在车辆拥挤的情况下改善效果更为明显.

With the rapid development of Internet of Vehicles technology, Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC) has become the main trend of future smart transportation development. Based on the Gipps safety distance algorithm, a dynamic safety distance is introduced to consider the driving characteristics of CACC vehicles and traditional vehicles, and a refined numerical simulation model of mixed traffic flow is proposed. Combined with the evolution rules of small-scale grid cellular automata, the basic mixed traffic flow characteristics of different vehicle ratios under different reaction times are compared. The results show that the basic features of the mixed traffic flow considering the influence of the dynamic safety distance agree with the characteristics of the three-phase traffic flow theory. Meantime, increasing the proportion of CACC vehicles and reducing the reaction time can increase the average velocity of vehicles and improve the overall traffic congestion and flow in the lane.And the improvement effect is more significant under vehicle congestion.