麦克弗森对西方自由民主制危机根源探析的理论得失——基于马克思主义的审视

Theoretical Gains and Losses in MacPherson’s Probe into the Root of the Crisis of Western Liberal Democracy——Survey Based on Marxism

自由主义政治理论家改写了现代民主的基本内涵,将人民民主替换为自由民主,在自由和民主之间实现了虚构的协调。而麦克弗森的分析指出,自由民主模式以能力最大化主张获得正当性,但却只实现功利最大化主张,其理论实质是维护占有性市场社会的运行和有产者阶级的权利,所以越来越受到质疑。因此,民主的出路在于建立非市场的民主社会,促进人的能力最大化,而参与式民主是可能促成这一转变的过渡方案。麦克弗森的分析揭示了自由民主理论的阶级性和遮蔽性,具有积极意义,但仍存在一定局限性和妥协性。马克思的民主思想则更彻底地说明了人民民主为什么必须以社会主义革命为前提,并指明了实现革命的科学路径。

Liberal political theorists have redefined the basic connotation of modern democracy,replaced people’s democracy with liberal democracy,and achieved a fictitious coordination between freedom and democracy. McPherson’s analysis pointed out that the liberal democratic model obtains legitimacy by maximizing capabilities,but only realizes the maximization of utility. It is increasingly questioned because its theoretical essence to maintain the operation of the possessive market society and the rights of the propertied class. Therefore,the way out for democracy lies in the establishment of a non-market democratic society and the maximization of human capabilities,and the only transitional solution is participatory democracy. McPherson’s analysis reveals the class and concealment of liberal democratic theory,which has positive significance,but there are still certain limitations and compromises. Marx’s democratic thought explained more thoroughly why the people’s democracy must be based on the socialist revolution and pointed out the scientific path to realize the revolution.