退役锂离子电池湿法回收生命周期和经济评价

Life cycle and economic assessment of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries with hydrometallurgical process

锂离子电池(LIBs)具有能量密度高、输出功率大等优点被广泛应用,随之产生了大量退役LIBs。近年来,退役LIBs回收再利用逐渐受到了人们的关注,但目前回收体系尚不完善,存在发展动力和科学技术等方面的问题。从生命周期评价(LCA)和经济性评价两方面对典型的盐酸、硫酸-双氧水和电化学浸出3种回收方法进行分析讨论。使用SimaPro 9软件对回收过程进行生命周期评价,得到全球变暖潜能值、非生物资源耗竭潜能值和资源消耗量等,结果表明酸用量和能量消耗为主要的环境影响因素;并对回收再利用过程(包括预处理、浸出、再制备)进行经济性分析,得到相应的收益情况。结果表明,目前回收成本较高,整体呈现亏损状态。基于此,提出了相应的优化建议。

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been widely used because of high energy density and high output power,resulting in a large number of spent LIBs.In recent years,the recycling and utilization of spent LIBs has attracted the attention of researchers.However,the current recovery system is not perfect,due to problems in development momentum,science and technology.The three typical recovery processes,i.e.,HCl,H_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O_(2) and electrochemical leaching,with life cycle assessment(LCA) and economic evaluation were compared.SimaPro 9 software was used to conduct LCA on the recovery process,and obtain global warming potential value,non biological resource depletion potential value,resource consumption,etc.The results showed that acid dosage and energy consumption were the main factors determining environmental burden.Economic analysis of three recovery processes including pretreatment,leaching,and regeneration was carried to obtain the corresponding profits.The analysis found that the cost of the current recycling process was high,resulting in the deficit of the whole recycling process.Therefore,corresponding optimization suggestions were put forward.