县域农业转移人口的“权利走廊”阻梗及法治畅通路径

Obstruction of“Right Corridor”of Agricultural Transfer of Population at County Level and Smooth Path of Rule of Law

农业转移人口市民化正从数量扩张阶段进入质量提升阶段。在县域内考察,农业转移人口进城落户会实质性减损这部分群体的土地承包权、宅基地使用权、集体收益分配权等权利,应然权利与实然权利之间的“权利走廊”存在阻梗。农业转移人口进城之后的劳动权利、医疗保障权利、子女受教育权利的实现程度与期望值亦存在不同差距。农业转移人口市民化的“权利走廊”仅仅在子女受教育权的代际实现中获得替代性满足。“权利走廊”的进一步畅通必须纳入法治轨道,贯彻落实《乡村振兴促进法》,推广完善居住证制,赋予农业转移人口新市民的待遇,并设立过渡期供他们自由选择,在落户、就业、社会保障等方面持续优化。

The citizenship of agricultural transfer population is entering the quality improvement stage from the quantity expansion.The investigation in the county area shows that the settlement of agricultural transfer population in the city will substantially reduce the land contract right,the right to the use of homestead,and the distribution right of collective income.And the“right corridor”between the natural right and the legal right exists.There is also a gap between the realization and the expectation of the labor rights,medical security rights and children’s right to education after the agricultural transfer population enters the city.The“right corridor”of the citizenship of agricultural transfer population can only obtain alternative satisfaction in the intergenerational realization of chil-dren’s right to education.The further opening of the“right corridor”must be put into legal course,the Law on the Promotion of Rural Revitalization must be carried out,the residence permit system must be promoted and improved,the treatment of new citizens must be offered to the agricultural transfer population,the transition period must be set up for their free choices,and the continuous optimization of settlement,employment,social security and other aspects must be realized.