抗疫应急医疗项目结构实践

Structural practice of anti-pandemic emergency medical project

应急医疗项目往往使用周期较短,但要求建成速度快、灾后易拆除。在结构设计上应遵循快速、简便、适用和易恢复的原则,按建造方式可分为新建临时建筑和既有建筑改造两类项目。新建结构应优先选用成品化、模块化程度高的结构体系,目前常用的户外新建应急医疗临时建筑的结构形式有大型篷房和箱式钢结构临时用房。改建项目宜选用新近建成或使用维护状况良好的工程,常选内部空间便于迅速搭建隔断且消防技术条件较好的公共建筑。结合上海市2022年抗疫应急医疗项目的实践,从设计原则、结构体系、设计要点、现场施工和预防措施等方面系统介绍了各结构体系在不同场景下的应用情况。

Emergency medical projects often have a short life cycle,but require fast construction and easy dismantling after disasters.The principles of quickness,simplicity,applicability and easy recovery should be followed in the structural design.According to the construction method,it can be divided into newly-built temporary building projects and existing building renovation projects.For the newly-building structure,the finished and highly modularized structural system should be preferred.At present,the commonly used structural forms of newly-built outdoor emergency medical temporary buildings include large canopy buildings and box-typed steel structure temporary buildings.Reconstruction projects should be newly-built projects or projects in good condition of use and maintenance,and usually,public buildings with internal space that facilitates rapid construction of partition walls and better fire protection conditions are selected.Based on the design and application of Shanghai anti-pandemic emergency medical project,the application of each structural system in different scenarios were systematically introduced from the aspects of design principles,structural system,design points,on-site construction problems and precautions.