人文因素影响下湘西土家族传统民居平面形制演变研究

Study on the Evolution of the Plane Form of Tujia Traditional Dwellings in Western Hunan under the Influence of Human Factors

人文因素与自然因素对民居建筑的演变发展产生了重要影响,人类所遵从的文化习俗与思想观念在人文因素中占据着主导地位。文章以湘西土家族传统民居平面形制为研究对象,探析文化习俗与思想观念在平面形制生成与演变过程中各自所起到的作用,总结出文化习俗不仅为土家族传统民居带来了基本的平面形制格局,还促使了平面形制的拓伸与衍生,土家先民的思想观念则是引发平面形制衍生转化的关键要素,文化与思想对平面形制产生的联动影响造就了如今湘西土家族传统民居建筑形态的绚丽多彩。

The human environment and natural environment have had an important impact on the evolution and development of residential buildings,and the cultural customs and ideas followed by human beings occupy a dominant position in the human environment.Taking the plane form system of Tujia traditional dwellings in Western Hunan Province as the research object,this paper analyzes the respective roles of cultural customs and ideas in the formation and evolution of the plane form system.It draws the conclusion that cultural customs not only bring the basic plane form pattern to Tujia traditional dwellings,but also promote their extension and derivation.The ideas of Tujia ancestors are the key elements to the derivation and transformation of the plane form system and the linkage influence of culture and ideas on the plane form system has created a brilliant variety of the architectural forms of Tujia traditional dwellings in Western Hunan.