行星轨道动力学在动能撞击在轨处置中的具体应用

Specific Application of Planetary Orbital Dynamics on Deflection Method of Kinetic Impact

行星轨道动力学在行星防御在轨处置空间任务中具有重要的作用。对于其中的动能撞击实验任务,无论是前期的效果仿真,还是后期的数据处理,近地小行星的高精度轨道推演都将提供基础的保障作用。基于太阳系动力学模型的小行星历表将提供近地小行星的轨道瞬时位置,为计算工程指标之一——小行星轨道偏离量提供重要支撑。本文首先给出了小行星历表通用的动力学模型,讨论了各摄动因素造成的量级影响。之后利用上述模型,针对具体假设案例,分别从小行星历表精度、撞击时刻及方向、可观测性和威胁改变四个方面对撞击效能及工程的可实施性做了综合评估。

Planetary orbital dynamics plays an important role in deflection space missions for planetary defense.For kinetic impact experimental task,whether in objective simulations ahead or data processing after,it will take an essential part of the high-precision orbital propagation of Near-Earth Asteroids(NEAs).Asteroids ephemeris based on the solar system dynamics model will provide the instantaneous orbital position of NEAs,which would be necessary for calculation of one of the engineering indicators,the asteroid orbital deflection.In this paper,the dynamical model generally used in asteroids ephemeris is given,and the effects of various perturbation factors on the magnitude are discussed.Then,by applying the above model on specific fictitious cases,impact effectiveness and feasibility of the project are evaluated in detail from four aspects:precision of asteroids ephemeris,impact moment and impact direction,observability and threat alteration.