数字经济时代企业数据纠纷的治理路径——以《反不正当竞争法》为中心

The Governance Path of Enterprise Data Disputes in the Digital Economy Era——Centered on the Anti-Unfair Competition Law

数字经济时代企业数据纠纷面临数据权属未定、缺乏统一裁判规则、司法规制思路落后等困境,导致数据要素市场不稳、企业数据权益难以得到有效保护。当前,对企业数据产权进行界定的时机尚不成熟,能动司法创造的“竞争法上的财产权益”思路值得肯定。企业数据纠纷的竞争法治理路径与我国数字经济现实相适应,现阶段以《反不正当竞争法》解决企业数据纠纷更具优势。司法实践中裁判理念应当进行革新,在对竞争关系进行重塑的同时,前移规制节点、重构不正当竞争行为的判断范式、采纳新的赔偿数额认定规则,形成更加完善的数据纠纷解决机制。

In the era of digital economy, enterprise data disputes are faced with difficulties such as undetermined data ownership, lack of unified adjudication rules, and outdated pattern of judicial regulation, resulting in an unstable market for data elements and difficulty in effectively protecting enterprise data rights. At present, though the time to define the property rights of enterprise data is not yet ripe,the idea of "interest of property in competition law" created by active justice is worthy of recognition. The competition law governance path of enterprise data disputes is in line with China’s reality of digital economy. At this stage, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law is more advantageous in resolving enterprise data disputes. In judicial practice, the concept of adjudication should be innovated. While reshaping the competition relationship, the regulatory node should be moved forward;the judgment paradigm of unfair competition behavior should be reconstructed;new rules for determining the amount of compensation should be adopted. A more complete data dispute resolution mechanism will thus be formed.