60份福建地方龙眼资源果实性状鉴定评价

Identification and Evaluation of Fruit Traits of 60 Longan Landraces in Fujian Province of China

以2015-2021年调查收集的60份福建地方龙眼资源为试材,对原产地的果实性状进行鉴定。结果表明,60份福建地方龙眼资源果实性状多样性丰富,果形、果肉质地、流汁程度、离核难易、风味等5个描述性状共有19种类型;11个数量性状的变异系数8.09%~32.97%,单果重、果实纵径、横径、侧径、果肉厚度、种子重、种子占比、果皮重、果皮占比、可食率等10个性状呈偏小分布,可溶性固形物含量呈偏大分布。单果重、果实纵径、横径、侧径、果皮重、种子重间极显著正相关;可食率与单果重、果实纵径、横径、侧径、果肉厚度间极显著正相关,与种子占比、果皮占比呈极显著负相关;可溶性固形物含量与种子占比极显著正相关。评价筛选出综合性状优良的种质2份、大果种质1份、高糖种质4份。本研究为福建地方龙眼资源的保护与利用提供了科学依据。

Sixty longan landraces investigated and collected in Fujian Province from 2015 to 2021 were used as materials to indentify fruit traits of these landraces.The results showed that the diversity of 60 longan resources in Fujian province was rich.There were 19 types in five description characters including shape of fruit,texture of flesh,watery degree of flesh surface,adherence of seed to flesh,flavor of flesh.The coefficient of variation of 11 quantitative traits of fruit ranged from 8.09%to 32.97%.Ten traits,including single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter of fruit,transverse diameter of fruit,lateral diameter of fruit,thickness of flesh,seed weight,ratio of seed to fruit weight,pericarp weight,ratio of pericarp to fruit weight,and edible ratio showed small trend while soluble solids content showed large trend..The fruit weight,longitudinal diameter of fruit,transverse diameter of fruit,lateral diameter of fruit,pericarp weight and seed weight had significantly positive correlation among each other and the edible ratio had significantly positive correlation with fruit weight,longitudinal diameter of fruit,transverse diameter of fruit,lateral diameter of fruit and thickness of flesh while the edible ratio had significantly negative correlation with the ratio of pericarp to fruit weight and the ratio of seed to fruit weight,the soluble solids content was positively correlated with the ratio of seed to fruit weight.Two accessions with excellent comprehensive characters,one accessions with big fruit and four accessions with high sugar content were selected.This study provides a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of longan landraces in Fujian province.