烤烟新品种许金101烘烤特性及烟叶质量研究

Study on Curing Characteristics and Quality of New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Xujin 101

为明确自育烤烟新品种许金101的烘烤特性及烟叶质量,以主栽品种中烟100为对照,研究暗箱和烘烤过程中许金101烟叶变黄、失水、叶绿素降解以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性等变化规律,对烤后烟叶的外观质量、感官评吸质量、中性致香物质以及主要化学成分进行差异分析。结果表明,在暗箱条件下,许金101中部烟叶和上部烟叶完全变黄分别需要72 h和48 h,变褐3成时间分别为120 h和72 h,变黄指数和变褐指数均比中烟100高,整体易变黄、易变褐;失水均衡性分别为1.16和0.47,失水均衡性均较好;叶绿素降解速率在72 h分别达到1.32%/h和1.37%/h,降解量达到94.88%和98.71%,降解特性较好;烘烤24~96 h的平均PPO活性分别为0.409 U和0.420 U,中部叶耐烤性较差,上部叶耐烤性中等;许金101的烘烤特性稍好于中烟100,但初始烘烤方案对许金101烤后烟叶质量有较大影响,整体质量稍差于中烟100。综合分析认为,许金101品种易烤性较好,但耐烤性一般,为彰显许金101品种特色,需根据其烘烤特性设置配套烘烤工艺,变黄前期适当降低干湿球温度差以减少烟叶水分损失,后期适当增大干湿球温度差以提高排湿力度,促干防褐变,保证烟叶安全定色,以提高其使用价值和经济价值。

In order to clarify the curing characteristics and the quality of tobacco leaves of a new self-bred flue-cured tobacco variety Xujin 101,with the main variety Zhongyan 100 as a control,the yellowing,water loss,chlorophyll degradation and polyphenol oxidase activity of Xujin 101 tobacco leaves during the dark-box and curing process were studied,and the differences in appearance quality,sensory evaluation quality,neutral aroma-causing substances and main chemical components of cured tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that under dark-box conditions,Xujin 101 took 72 h and 48 h to turn completely yellow in the middle and upper leaves,respectively,and the time for 30% browning was 120 h and 72 h,respectively. The yellowing index and browning index were both higher than those of Zhongyan100. On the whole it was easy to turn yellow and brown. The water loss balance was 1. 16 and 0. 47,respectively,and the water loss balance was good. The degradation rate of chlorophyll reached 1. 32%/h and 1. 37%/h respectively at 72 h,the degradation amount reached 94. 88% and 98. 71%,and the degradation characteristics were good. The average PPO activities after baking 24—96 h were 0. 409 U and 0. 420 U,respectively,the middle leaves had poor baking resistance,and the upper leaves had moderate baking resistance. Although the baking characteristics of Xujin 101 were slightly better than Zhongyan 100,but the initial curing plan had a greater impact on the quality of Xujin 101 tobacco leaves after curing,and the overall quality was slightly worse than that of Zhongyan 100. According to comprehensive analysis,Xujin 101 is easy to bake,but has average baking resistance. In order to highlight the characteristics of Xujin 101,it is necessary to set up a baking process according to its baking characteristic. In the early stage of yellowing,the temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs should be appropriately reduced to reduce the moisture loss of tobacco leaves. In the later stage,the temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs should be appropriately increased to improve the dehumidification strength,promote drying and prevent browning,and ensure safe color setting of tobacco leaves to improve its use value and economic value.