乡村振兴本土人才培育影响因素及培育路径研究

On the Influencing Factors and Cultivation Paths of Local Talents in Rural Revitalization

有效培育乡村本土人才是打造高素质“三农”工作队伍的关键。乡村本土人才的培育受多种因素影响。本研究通过对湖南12个市(州)中39个乡(镇)的282名农民进行实地调研得到相关数据,采用描述性统计分析、差异显著性检验、相关分析和多层线性回归,探究5大类19项指标对乡村本土人才培育的影响,并运用SPSS25.0进行数据分析。研究发现:农民参与教育培训意愿的均值为4.06,参与教育活动的意愿较强;农民参与教育活动的意愿在年龄、受教育程度、家庭收入、村级产业结构调整等因素上存在显著差异;“对乡村人才振兴政策的了解”“现有知识和技能对乡村振兴需求的满足程度”“教育活动对收入提高的感知”3个因素对新常态下乡村本土人才培育具有显著影响。应加强政策宣传,营造浓厚氛围,激励农民自主接受教育;激活学习兴趣,发展内驱动力,激发农民终身学习欲望;实施分层培养,注重培育实效,促进培育成果有效转化。

Effectively cultivating rural natives is the key to building a high-quality work force for agriculture,rural areas and farmers.The cultivation of local talents in rural areas is affected by many factors.In this study,282 farmers from 39 townships(towns)in 12 cities(prefectures)in Hunan were investigated through field research to obtain relevant data.Descriptive statistical analysis,difference significance test,correlation analysis and multilevel linear regression were adopted to explore the influence of 5 categories of 19 indicators on the cultivation of rural local talents,and SPSS25.0 was used for data analysis.The results show that the mean value of farmers’willingness to participate in education and training is 4.06,and they have strong awareness of participating in educational activities.The willingness of farmers to participate in educational activities has significant differences in age,education level,family income,village level industrial structure adjustment and other factors.The three factors of“understanding of the policy of rural talent revitalization”,“the degree to which the existing knowledge and skills meet the needs of rural revitalization”and“the perception of education activities on the increase of income”have a significant impact on the cultivation of rural native talents under the new normal.We should strengthen policy publicity and create a strong atmosphere so as to encourage farmers to accept education.We should activate learning interest and develop internal driving force so as to stimulate farmers’lifelong learning desire.We should implement hierarchical cultivation and pay attention to cultivation effect so as to improve the expectations of effective transformation of cultivation results.