车载质子交换膜燃料电池低温环境的热源分析

Heat source analysis of vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cells in low temperature environment

缩短寒冷地区质子交换膜燃料电池的启动时间是目前车用氢燃料电池冷启动亟待解决的难题之一。研究通过热传递数据分析,应用COMSOL有限元仿真软件,对比分析2种不同外形尺寸的30 kW氢燃料电池电堆低温保存恒温系统所需的热量,提出一种应对车用氢燃料电池低温存储和冷启动难题的方法。研究结果表明,在-30℃低温环境中,长宽比较小的电池堆维持恒温时更节能,使用33.93 kg纯石蜡的相变潜热,或消耗1.15 L纯甲醇燃料所提供的6786 kJ能量,即可使氢燃料电池堆维持在0℃以上13 h,为车用氢燃料电池低温存储和冷启动提供了一种新途径。

Shortening start-up time of vehicle proton exchange membrane(hydrogen)fuel cells in cold environment is one of urgent problems to be solved.In this study,based on heat transfer data analysis and COMSOL finite element software,two different sizes of 30 kW hydrogen fuel cell stacks in constant temperature system were comparatively investigated.Meanwhile,a strategy for low temperature storage and cold start of vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cells were proposed.The results indicate that the fuel cell stack with a smaller aspect ratio required less energy for preserve constant temperature under-30℃.The hydrogen fuel cell stack can be maintained above 0℃for 13 h by providing 33.93 kg pure paraffin phase enthalpy or consuming 1.15 L pure methanol fuel to provide 6786 kJ energy.This study provides an approach to solve the problems of low temperature storage and cold start of vehicle hydrogen fuel cells.