铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂在水下炸药中的应用

Application of Aluminum Based Hydrogen Storage Composite in Underwater Explosive

采用嵌合组装的方式制备了含15%硼和15%金属氢化物MgH2的铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂Q3,Q3粉体为类球形,具有较高的理论热值34.8 MJ·kg^(-1)。在空气气氛下采用热重分析方法测试了球铝与Q3粉体的氧化性能,结果表明,Q3起始氧化温度为430℃,比球铝降低了约100℃;1000℃时,Q3氧化增重量60%,明显优于铝粉的增重量(23%),显示Q3具有点火性能较好和完全氧化程度较高的特点。对金属粉含量为35%的RDX基炸药开展水下爆炸试验测试,铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂Q3等质量替代铝粉,同比含铝炸药水下爆炸比冲击波能降低3.0%,比气泡能提高9.5%,爆炸总能量提高7.6%。铝基贮氢复合燃烧剂Q3中金属氢化物和铝组分有利于提高硼组分的释能效率和释能速率,提高了炸药水下爆炸总能量。

Aluminum based hydrogen storage composite fuel namely Q3 with a content of boron 15%and MgH215%was pre⁃pared by means of chimeric assembly.The powder had a spheroidic morphology.Its theoretical combustion heat was as high as 34.8 MJ·kg^(-1).Thermogravimetric Analysis(TGA)was employed to test the oxidation performance of spherical aluminum and Q3.The results indicated that the initial oxidation temperature of Q3 was 430℃,which was around 100℃lower than that of spherical aluminum.When the temperature was up to 1000℃,the weight of Q3 increased by 60%due to the oxidation,which was higher than that of spherical aluminum(23%).This result indicated that the aluminum based hydrogen storage composite fu⁃el had a better ignition performance and higher oxidability.The tests of underwater explosion with two RDX based explosive for⁃mulas containing 35%metal powder or equivalent Q3 were carried out respectively.The test results showed that for the formula with equivalent Q3,the explosion specific shock wave energy was reduced by 3.0%,the specific bubble energy was increased by 9.5%,and the total explosion energy was increased by 7.6%in contrast to the counterpart formula containing aluminum.The metal hydride and aluminum in aluminum based hydrogen storage composite fuel could effectively improve the energy release ef⁃ficiency and rate of boron,resulting in increasing the total energy of the explosive in underwater explosion.