甘薯无糖组织培养技术的应用

Application of Sugar-free Micropropagation in Sweet Potato

为明确无糖培养对甘薯组培苗的生长质量和移栽成活率的效果,试验以晋甘薯3号和晋甘薯9号组培苗为材料,以蛭石、砂子作为支撑物进行无糖培养,比较分析组培苗的成活率、细菌感染率、生根率、长势等指标,以筛选最佳基质和基质营养液培养比例;同时对无糖培养和传统培养下组培苗生长情况和温室移栽情况进行统计学分析。结果表明,以蛭石作为培养基质,蛭石∶营养液配比为670∶800时,2个甘薯品种的成活率和生根率最高,细菌感染率最低,组培苗生长健壮、生根良好。晋甘薯3号、晋甘薯9号无糖培养的株高较传统组培分别高0.477、0.882 cm;生根数分别增加2.04、2.32条/株;单株鲜质量分别平均增加2 613.9、2 654.7 mg;单株干质量分别平均增加265.3、258.0 mg,差异均达显著水平;根长差异不显著。无糖培养晋甘薯3号、晋甘薯9号污染率分别为1.18%、0.96%,温室移栽成活率分别为97.74%、98.30%,传统组培二者污染率分别为15.11%、10.22%,移栽成活率分别为90.04%、91.15%。综上可见,无糖培养较传统组培显著提高了组培苗生长质量和移栽成活率,且晋甘薯9号的各指标均优于晋甘薯3号。

To clarify the effect of sugar-free culture on the growth quality and transplanting survival rate of tissue culture seedlings of sweet potato, in this study, the tissue culture seedlings of Jinganshu 3 and Jinganshu 9 as the material were cultured on the sugar-free medium added with vermiculite and sand. The survival rate, bacterial infection rate, rooting rate, and growth rate of the seedlings were analyzed to screen the optimal substrate and ratio of substrate to the nutrient solution. In addition, the growth of the seedlings and the transplanting in greenhouse of sugar-free culture and traditional culture were statistically analyzed. The results showed that when vermiculite was used as the culture substrate, the highest survival rate and rooting rate,and the lowest bacterial infection rate were obtained when the ratio of vermiculite to the nutrient solution was 670 to 800, which made the seedlings robust and the roots strong. Compared with the traditional culture, the plant height of sweet potato Jinganshu 3and Jinganshu 9 was increased by 0.477 cm and 0.882 cm. The number of roots increased by 2.04 strip/plant and 2.32 strip/plant;The fresh weight per plant increased by 2 613.9 mg and 2 654.7 mg. The dry weight per plant increased by 265.3 mg and 258.0 mg. There were significant differences between the above indexes. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in root length. The contamination rate of sugar-free-cultured Jinganshu 3 and Jinganshu 9 was 1.18% and 0.96%, respectively, and the survival rate of greenhouse planting was 97.74% and 98.30%, respectively, while the contamination rate of the traditional culture was 15.11% and 10.22%, respectively, and the survival rate of transplanting was 90.04% and 91.15%, respectively. In summary, the sugar-free culture significantly improved the growth quality and transplanting survival rate compared with the taditional culture, and all the indexes of Jinganshu 9 were better than those of Jinganshu 3.