美国情报授权法案涉华内容与趋势分析

Analysis of China-related Content and Trends of the U.S. Intelligence Authorization Act

[研究目的]美国情报授权法案作为情报监督立法的重要形式,对美国情报工作的开展具有重要指导意义,对其中的涉华内容进行梳理分析,能够帮助我们了解美国对华情报政策的演变特点和趋势,为我国情报部门提前部署应对策略提供参考。[研究方法]以2016财年以来,美国国会通过的6部情报授权法案(2018财年、2019财年和2020财年只颁布了一部情报授权法案)为研究对象,采用内容分析、定量统计等方法,梳理美国情报授权法案中涉华内容的演进过程,预测美国对华情报政策的新特点和新趋势,进而得出对我国有益的启示。[研究结论]在后疫情时代的大国博弈环境下,美国情报授权法案逐渐扩大对华情报工作范围,从军事、政治领域的对抗扩展到经济、科技领域的竞争,未来将持续关注中国在海外利益、数字货币、绿色创新方面的发展。为了应对美国对华情报工作,我国应从完善情报监督立法、推动竞争情报在关键领域发挥作用、加强海外利益保护、树立保密意识等方面做重点努力。

[Research purpose] As an important form of legislation on intelligence supervision in the United States, the U.S. Intelligence Authorization Act is of great guiding significance to the development of intelligence work. Sorting out and analyzing the China-related contents in the Act can help us understand the evolution characteristics and trends of the U.S. intelligence policy on China, so as to guide China’s intelligence departments to deploy countermeasures in advance. [Research method] Taking the six intelligence authorization acts passed by the US Congress since fiscal 2016 as the research object(only one Intelligence Authorization Act in FY 18, 2019 and 2020), using content analysis, quantitative statistics and other methods, the research combs the evolution process of the China-related content in the US intelligence authorization acts, predicts the new characteristics and new trends of the US intelligence policy toward China, and then draws useful enlightenment for China. [Research conclusion] In the post-epidemic era of great power game environment, the U.S. Intelligence Authorization Act has gradually expanded the scope of intelligence work on China from military and political confrontation to economic and technological competition. In the future, it will continue to pay attention to China’s development in overseas interests, digital currency and green innovation. In order to cope with the U.S. intelligence work on China, China should make key efforts in improving intelligence supervision legislation, promoting the role of competitive intelligence in key areas, strengthening the protection of overseas interests, and establishing a sense of secrecy.