疫情常态化防控条件下城轨列车开行方案研究

Research on train operation plan of urban rail transit under the condition of normalized epidemic prevention and control

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情给人们的出行和日常生活带来了很大影响。目前我国疫情发展形势整体趋于稳定,但局部偶发性疫情的持续存在,使得疫情防控工作必须长期坚持不放松。在疫情常态化防控条件下,针对城市轨道交通列车开行方案编制问题,基于大小交路多编组模式展开研究,提出以各区间断面实际满载率与疫情防控标准满载率的偏差量最小,乘客出行时间成本及企业运营成本最低为优化目标,以运用车辆数、发车频率和通过能力等为约束条件的多目标优化模型。利用线性加权和法及阈值法将多目标模型转化为单目标模型,设计改进的和声搜索算法对模型展开求解,并分别与单一交路、单一编组的方案进行模型求解对比,与传统和声搜索算法、模拟退火算法进行算法求解对比。实例证明:较之单一类型的列车开行方案而言,多类型列车开行方案的满载率偏差更小,运营成本及乘客出行时间成本更低;较之传统和声搜索算法、模拟退火算法而言,改进的算法收敛速度更快,解的质量更优。因此,开行多类型城轨列车可以在兼顾企业和乘客双方利益的条件下,更好地实现疫情防控。模型和算法具有较优的求解质量和优化效率,可为运营部门的决策提供有价值的参考,降低疫情传播风险,保障社会经济正常发展。

The COVID-19 epidemic has brought great impact on people’s travel and daily life. At present, the overall situation of epidemic development in China tends to be stable, but the persistence of local sporadic epidemic situation makes the epidemic prevention and control work must be adhered to for a long time. Aiming at the problem of urban rail transit train operation plan under the condition of normalized epidemic prevention and control, this study was carried out based on the full-length and short-turn routing, and multi-marshalling mode. A multi-objective optimization model was proposed, which took the minimum deviation between the actual full load rate of each section and the standard full load rate for epidemic prevention and control. The minimum passenger travel time cost and enterprise operation cost were taken as the optimization objectives, and the number of vehicles, service frequency and carrying capacity were taken as the constraints. The linear weighted method and threshold method were used to transform multi-objective model into single-objective one, after the transformation, an improved harmony search algorithm was designed to solve the model. The model was compared with single routing and single marshalling mode, and the algorithm was compared with the traditional harmony search algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm. The results indicate that compared with single type trains operation plan, multi-type trains operation plan has smaller full load rate deviation, lower operating costs and passenger travel time costs. Compared with the traditional harmony search algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, the improved algorithm has faster convergence speed and better solution quality. Therefore, the operation of multiple types of urban rail transit trains can better implement epidemic prevention and control while taking into account the interests of both enterprises and passengers. The model and algorithm have better solution quality and optimization efficiency, which can provide valuable references for the decision-making of the operation departments, to reduce the risk of epidemic spread and ensure the normal development of social economy.