基于车辆运动控制的人地碰撞损伤防护新技术接受度研究

Study on the acceptance of new technology for protecting pedestrian-ground contact injury based on vehicle motion control

近年来,有学者提出通过控制车辆运动以防护人地碰撞损伤的行人自动紧急制动系统被动安全技术(Autonomous Emergency Braking System with Passive Safety Function,PAEB),为了解公众对这种新技术的接受度,参考已有研究成果设计问卷并调查,在对437份有效问卷进行因子分析及信度、效度检验后,采用图表及Kruskal-Wallis显著性差异检验、皮尔逊相关性检验与结构方程模型等统计学方法分析调查结果。结果表明,公众对PAEB的了解程度总体偏低,83.3%的人能接受低于1万元的PAEB商用价格,认为PAEB能实现且支持相关科研工作的比例很高。中年、有驾照、硕士及以上学历、理科类汽车领域工作且是专技人员者更了解PAEB,女性对PAEB的感知风险显著高于男性,硕士及以上学历群体对PAEB使用意愿显著低于本科学历群体,非汽车交通领域被调查者对PAEB的行为态度最积极,专技人员使用意愿最低。随着对PAEB了解程度的加深或降低,认为PAEB肯定能实现并非常支持PAEB科研及担忧事故责任归属问题的比例均增加,但越了解PAEB越会降低对PAEB的感知有用性。PAEB接受意向模型显示,为提高PAEB的使用意愿,需降低感知风险并提升感知有用性。相关结果能为PAEB后续研究工作指明方向。

A new technology of Passive Autonomous Emergency Braking system with safety function(PAEB)has been proposed recently, in which the pedestrian ground contact injury is protected by controlling the vehicle motion. In order to understand the acceptance of PAEB better, a questionnaire was designed based on existing research first, and then factor analysis was performed on 437 effective answers and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed by using tables and some statistical methods, such as the Kruskal-Wallis significance difference test, the Pearson correlation test and the structural equation model. We found that the understanding of PAEB is generally low, and 83.3% of people could accept the commercial price of PAEB of less than 10, 000 yuan. The proportion of people who believe PAEB can achieve and support relevant scientific research work is high. People who are middle-aged, professional technician shave driver’s license, get graduate education, major in science, work in the automotive field learn more about PAEB.Women’s perception of risk is significantly higher than men’s, and the acceptability of the group with graduate education is significantly less than undergraduate degree group. The attitude of the group who work in nonautomotive and non-transportation field is more positive, but the acceptability of the group who is professional technicians is the lowest. The proportion of people believing that the PAEB can achieve, support relevant scientific research and worry about the responsibility of an accident increases with increasing understanding of PAEB, but the perception of usefulness decreases with increasing understanding of PAEB. The structural equation model shows that we need to reduce the perception of risk and increase the perceived usefulness to increase the use of PAEB. Results can indicate the direction of PAEB’s future research studies.