化肥减量配施生物有机肥对大棚连作草莓的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio organic fertilization on strawberry continuous cropping field in greenhouse

为明确化肥减量配施生物有机肥对大棚连作草莓土壤养分、酶活性,以及草莓产量、品质的影响,解决因过量施用化肥导致连作障碍的问题。以连作3年大棚草莓为试材,探究氮、磷、钾均衡减量配施生物有机肥对大棚连作草莓的影响。结果表明,适当比例化肥减量配施生物有机肥,能够减少氮、磷、钾施用量,降低土壤中过量累积的养分,增加土壤有机质且使养分趋于平衡,提升土壤酶活性,提高土壤肥料利用率及草莓产量、品质,大棚连作草莓土壤养分富集失衡,化肥减量配施生物有机肥改善效果明显。综合评定,40%化肥+60%有机肥处理(尿素270 kg/hm^(2)、过磷酸钙360 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸钾180 kg/hm^(2)、生物有机肥4500 kg/hm^(2))综合效果最好。

In order to clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio organic fertilization on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, yield and quality of strawberry under continuous cropping in greenhouse, and solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer. The effects of balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with bio organic fertilizer on strawberry continuous cropping in greenhouse were studied. The results showed that appropriate combined fertilization of biological fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer could reduce the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied, thus reduce the excessive accumulation of nutrients in the soil, increase soil organic matter and improve nutrient balance, lead to higher soil enzyme activity and soil fertilizer utilization rate, and show significant positive effects on strawberry yield and quality, while 40% chemical fertilizer+60% organic fertilizer treatment(urea 270 kg/hm^(2), superphosphate 360 kg/hm^(2), potassium sulfate 180 kg/hm^(2), bio organic fertilizer 4 500 kg/hm^(2))showed the optimum effect among all treatments.