不同砧木对W.默科特柑橘生长结果和果实品质的影响

Effects of different rootstocks on growth,fruit and quality of ’W. Murcott’

用枳橙、酸橘、江西红橘、枳、香橙、土柠檬、酸柑7种砧木嫁接W.默科特,开展砧穗组合亲和性、植株生长特性、早实丰产性和果实品质比较研究。结果表明:W.默科特与7种砧木均表现出良好的亲和性,但砧穗组合存在明显的差异。6年生树,香橙砧、枳橙砧和江西红橘砧的树高均在300 cm以上,极显著或显著高于其他砧木,枳橙砧和江西红橘砧的干周较大,分别达29.6 cm和27.1 cm,极显著大于其他砧木,香橙砧、枳砧、枳橙砧和土柠檬砧的冠幅较大,均在220 cm×270 cm以上。开始投产至第4年的平均株产,江西红橘砧、枳砧和枳橙砧较高,均在24.0 kg以上,且均极显著高于其他砧木。平均单果重最大是江西红橘砧,达122.33 g,其他6个砧木均低于120.0 g,枳砧、酸橘砧和酸柑砧的可溶性固形物含量较高,为13.6%~13.7%,可滴定酸含量酸橘砧和酸柑砧略高,约为1.00%,其他砧木略低,为0.71%~0.91%。综合性状表现良好的是江西红橘砧、枳砧和枳橙砧,表现中等是香橙砧,表现较差是土柠檬砧、酸橘砧,表现极差是酸柑砧。W.默科特适宜的砧木是江西红橘、枳和枳橙,次适宜砧木是香橙,土柠檬、酸橘和酸柑不宜作为W.默科特的砧木。

Seven kinds of rootstocks of Citrange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osb.×Poncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf.], Citrus reticulata var. austere, C. tangerina, Poncirus trifoliata, C. junos, C. limonia and C. nobilis were used to graft ’W. Murcott’, carry out comparative studies on the compatibility of rootstock and ear combinations, plant growth characteristics, early bearing and high yield and fruit quality. The results showed that ’W. Murcott’ showed good affinity with seven rootstocks. However, there are obvious differences in rootstock and spike combinations. The height of the 6-year old trees of C. junos, Citrange and C.tangerina was more than 300 cm, which was significantly higher than that of other rootstocks. At 6 years old, the maximum circumference of the trunk was 29.6 cm in Citrange and 27.1 cm in C. tangerina, which was significantly larger than that of other rootstocks. The size of the crown of C. junos, P. trifoliata, Citrange and C. limonia stock was more than 220 cm×270 cm.From the beginning of production to the fourth year, the average plant yield of C. tangerina, P. trifoliata and Citrange stock was more than 24.0 kg, which was significantly higher than that of other rootstocks. The average weight per fruit was 122.33 g for C. tangerina rootstock, and less than 120.0 g for the other six rootstocks. The contents of soluble solids in fruits of C.reticulata var. austere, P. trifoliata and C. nobilis stock were as high as 13.6%~13.7%. The titratable acid content was slightly higher in C. reticulata var. austere and C. nobilis about 1.00%, and slightly lower in other rootstocks, ranging from0.71% to 0.91%. C. tangerina, P. trifoliata and Citrange as stock had good comprehensive characters. C. junos with medium comprehensive character. C. limonia stock and C. reticulata var. austere stock showed poor comprehensive traits. The worst comprehensive character is C. nobilis stock. The suitable rootstocks for ’W. Murcott’ were C. tangerina, P. trifoliata and Citrange;C. junos was the next best rootstock;C. limonia, C. reticulata var. austere and C. nobilis should not be used as rootstocks for ’W. Murcott’.