需求冲击下企业产出波动研究:基于异质性企业灵活性视角

Firm Output with Fluctuating Demand:Based on Heterogeneous Firm Flexibility

在动态需求变化的完全竞争市场条件下,中小企业会选择更灵活的生产技术与静态效率更高的大企业进行竞争,灵活性成为中小企业生存发展的竞争优势。基于1998—2013年中国工业企业数据库,对不同规模企业的灵活性及其影响因素进行实证检验。研究发现:企业产出波动具有市场周期性,中小企业通过吸收行业内市场波动的更大份额才能与大企业竞争共存。中小企业凭借对可变要素的更强依赖程度表现出调整产出的灵活性,大企业则通过对固定要素的依赖程度而表现出调整产出的稳定性。高水平全要素生产率、灵活的用工形式和宽松的信贷环境能够进一步增强中小企业的灵活性及大企业的稳定性。

Under the conditions of a perfectly competitive market with dynamic demand changes,small and medium-sized enterprises will choose more flexible production technologies to compete with large enterprises with higher static efficiency.Flexibility has become a competitive advantage for small and medium-sized enterprises to survive and develop.Based on the database of Chinese industrial enterprises from 1998 to 2013,this paper conducts an empirical test on the flexibility of enterprises of different sizes and its influencing factors.The study finds that the fluctuation of enterprise output is cyclical in the market,and small and medium-sized enterprises coexist with the competition of large enterprises by absorbing a larger share of market fluctuations in the industry.Small and medium-sized enterprises show the flexibility to adjust output by virtue of their stronger dependence on variable factors,and large enterprises show the stability of output adjustment by virtue of their dependence on fixed factors.A high level of total factor productivity,flexible employment forms and a loose credit environment can further enhance the flexibility of small and medium-sized enterprises and the stability of large enterprises.