库尔勒香梨无人机授粉不同喷施量雾滴沉积分布研究

Study on the deposition distribution of‘Korla fragrant pear’by UAV pollination with different spraying volume

为了探究无人机授粉不同喷施量对疏散分层形库尔勒香梨授粉效果的影响,优化无人机授粉作业参数。通过设置无人机授粉不同梯度喷施量,比较各处理的雾滴效果,并进行田间授粉验证试验,比较库尔勒香梨不同授粉方式的坐果率、授粉成本、授粉效率。结果表明:在飞行速度3 m/s、风速小于2.0 m/s的条件下,四旋翼无人机(极飞XP 2020)授粉飞行高度距树顶1 m、喷头雾化粒径120μm、飞行路线在树顶上方、疏散分层形库尔勒香梨无人机授粉喷施量为每667 m^(2)2 L时,雾滴粒径、雾滴覆盖率、雾滴密度、雾滴沉积量等雾滴沉积效果较佳;田间授粉验证试验表明,无人机授粉与人工授粉的花序坐果率和花朵坐果率均无显著差异;无人机授粉的成本更低,每667 m^(2)较人工授粉节约51.76%的成本,授粉效率更高,是人工授粉的40倍。

In order to explore the effect of different spraying rates on the pollination effect of the evacuation layered’Korla fragrant pear’unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),the parameters of the UAV pollination operation were optimized.By setting the spray volume of different gradients,comparing the droplet effect of each treatment,optimizing the UAV operation parameters and conducting field operations,the fruit set rate,cost and efficiency of different pollination methods of’Korla fragrant pear’were compared.The results showed that at the flight speed of 3 m/s,under the condition of wind speed less than 2.0 m/s,the pollination flight height of the quadrotor UAV(XAG XP 2020)was 1 m from the top of the tree,the nozzle atomization particle size was 120μm,and the flight route was above the top of the tree,the quadrotor UAV(XAG XP 2020)has the best comprehensive effect of droplet size,droplet coverage,droplet density and droplet deposition when the spray volume was 2 L per 667 m^(2);field pollination verification showed that there was no significant difference in inflorescence fruiting rate and flower fruiting rate between UAV pollination and manual pollination;the cost of UAV pollination saved 51.76%per 667 m^(2) compared with manual pollination,and the pollination efficiency is 40 times that of manual pollination.