动脉血管壁力学性能的检测技术

Detection technology of mechanical properties of the arterial wall

背景:血管移植是目前血管外科的研究热点,但保存后血管壁力学性能的检测问题亟待解决。目的:总结目前研究动脉壁力学的技术以及该研究方向面临的问题。方法:由第一作者检索中国知网、万方、PubMed和Google Scholar数据库2016-2022年发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“主动脉血管、动脉壁、力学、弹性、检测方法”,英文检索词为“aortic vessels,arterial walls,mechanical model,elastic structure,mechanical testing”,检索国内外有关主动脉血管壁力学结构的分布及检测力学结构方法的相关文献,就机械力学检测和微观力学检测研究作为纳入标准,最终选取54篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:动脉壁的特征是复杂的微结构,它影响血管组织的机械性能。动脉壁的主要成分包括胶原和弹性蛋白纤维、蛋白多糖、血管平滑肌细胞和基质,这些成分在冻存保存的过程中往往会受到破坏。其中血管平滑肌细胞在动脉的主动机械反应中起关键作用,胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白决定了被动机械反应。血管移植物在处理后,血管壁骨架受损情况的检测技术仍需进一步探索或总结一套更精准的方法,以期能在多种维度下对动脉血管壁骨架损伤进行评估,便于在临床血管移植物处理方案的筛选上提供帮助。

BACKGROUND:Vascular transplantation is a hot research topic in vascular surgery at present.However,the detection of mechanical properties of preserved vascular wall needs to be solved urgently.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the techniques used by researchers to study arterial wall mechanics and the problems faced in this research direction.METHODS:The first author searched CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Google Scholar databases for relevant literature published from 2016 to 2022.The Chinese search terms were“aortic blood vessel,arterial wall,mechanics,elasticity,detection method”and the English search terms were“aortic vessels,arterial walls,mechanical model,elastic structure,mechanical testing.”The relevant literature about the distribution of mechanical structure of aortic blood vessel walls and relevant detection methods were retrieved.Finally,54 articles regarding mechanical and micromechanical testing were induced for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The arterial wall is characterized by complex microstructure,which affects the mechanical properties of vascular tissue.The main components include collagen and elastin fibers,proteoglycans,vascular smooth muscle cells,and matrix.These components are often damaged during cryopreservation.Among them,vascular smooth muscle cells play a key role in the active mechanical response of the arteries,and collagen and elastin determine the passive mechanical response.After the treatment of vascular grafts,the technologies of detecting vascular wall skeleton damage still need to be further explored or summarized to obtain a set of more accurate methods,so as to evaluate vascular wall skeleton damage in multiple dimensions and help in the screening of clinical vascular graft treatment schemes.