安徽省中国传统村落空间分布特征研究

Research on Characteristics of the Spatial Distribution of Chinese Traditional Villages in Anhui Province

以国家住建部等部门联合认定的安徽省400处中国传统村落为研究对象,从元代及以前、明代、清代等时间维度分析不同时期村落的空间分布特征,并从高程、坡度、坡向、水系、山谷及与中心城市的距离等方面探讨其空间分布规律。研究发现:安徽省241个传统村落始建于元代及以前,元代及以前保存至今的传统村落多集中于皖南山区,明清时期有向皖中地区发展的趋势;空间分布上呈越来越集聚的特点,元代时期形成一核一带集聚区,明清时期有向天目山北麓延伸的趋势;传统村落主要位于50~500m的平原及丘陵地带;以缓坡分布为主,同时有向较陡坡发展的趋势;各朝代演变中有明显的阳坡指向性和河流指向性;传统村落的分布及演变趋势沿山谷线呈带状分布,同时与中心城市若近若离。

This paper analyzes characteristics of the spatial distribution in different periods from Yuan Dynasty and before,Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,and discusses the characteristics in terms of elevation,slope and aspect,water system,valley and distance from central cities,based on the research objects of 400 traditional villages in Anhui province jointly recognized by the Ministry of Housing and Construction and other departments.The results show that 241 traditional villages in Anhui Province were founded in the Yuan Dynasty and before.Most of the traditional villages in the Yuan Dynasty and before were populated in the mountainous areas of Southern Anhui,and there was a tendency to develop in the central part of Anhui province in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The spatial distribution was characterized by increasing aggregation,especially with a nucleus and a zone during the Yuan Dynasty,and extended to the northern foot of Tianmu Mountain in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The traditional villages were mainly located in the plains and hilly areas ranging from 50 meters to 500 meters.The main geographic type of distribution was the gentle slope with a trend towards steeper slopes.There was a distinct directivity of sunny slopes and rivers over the course of evolution.The distribution and evolution of traditional villages were distributed zigzaggingly along the valley,while maintaining a modest distance from key cities.