创新创业教育政策执行的制约因素及路径调适——基于政策执行过程模型的解释

The Practice Pattern, Key Problems and Adjustment of China’s Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Policy Implementation

中国创新创业教育政策已完成从试验探索到全面落实的演变。相关政府部门和高校作为贯彻落实创新创业教育政策的关键主体,在遵循政策执行的逻辑意蕴中凸显了创新创业教育的实践向度。根据托马斯·史密斯的政策执行模型分析框架,结合有关创新创业教育的3180份文本资料进行归纳和分析政策目标导向、政策执行机构、政策执行环境、目标群体等制约因素,并在此基础上选取4所高校进行调研。结果显示,创新创业教育政策目标聚焦创新创业人才培养导向,有力提升了人才培养质量,但仍存在着政策目标评估工具缺乏贯通性,执行机构联动性不足,以及目标群体认同度有待提升、资源投入相对有限等制约因素。为此,应进一步优化创新创业教育政策设计,理顺政策执行的府校关系,提高目标群体参与的积极性和政策认同感,建立“政产学研用”协同机制,以保证政策的有效执行。

Innovation and entrepreneurship education policy has completed the evolution from experimental exploration to effective implementation. In the process of policy implementation, education administrative departments and universities play a leading role. Based on Smith’s policy implementation model, this paper analyzes the implementation process of innovation and entrepreneurship education policy from the aspects of policy, executive agencies, target groups and policy environment. It’s found that there is ambiguity between the macro policy objectives and objects, insufficient of resources sharing, and the executive ability is relatively weak, the target groups have cognitive bias and quality gap. Therefore, the policy of innovation and entrepreneurship education should further optimize the policy design, strengthen the construction of implementation mechanism, improve the enthusiasm of target groups to participate, enhance the sense of policy identity, and establish interactive pattern to facilitate the effective implementation of the policy.