近年我国家装材料变化对住宅火灾的影响研究

Study on the impact of changes in furnishings on house fires in recent years in China

住宅火灾危险性和家装材料有着紧密联系。为研究近年我国家装材料变化对住宅火灾的影响,调研了近30年我国家装材料的变化趋势,分析了常见家装材料的火灾特性变化,并完成了对不同年代常见家装材料组合的火灾危险性综合评价,结果表明:随着近30年家装材料的变化,软体家具、木质家具、地板和壁纸的燃烧性能均有所改善,但软体家具产烟能力恶化;2000年~2010年合成材料的应用使得家装材料组合的综合火灾危险性有所提升,引起大型亡人火灾的可能性更大;2010年后阻燃材料的普及使得家装材料组合的综合火灾危险性有所降低,对消防安全的作用已经凸显,但同时我国住宅火灾中“小火亡人”事故可能更为频发,未来研究应该更加关注于降低阻燃材料的烟气危害性。

The danger of house fires has much to do with furnishings. To study the impact of changes in furnishings on house fires, this paper first examines the application trend of furnishings in the past 30 years and then analyzes the changes in fire characteristics of these furnishings. Besides, this paper completes the comprehensive evaluation of the fire hazard of common furnishing combinations. The results show that with materials changing, the combustion performances of upholstered furniture, wood furniture, floorings, and wallpapers have been improved, while the smoke production of upholstered furniture has worsened. The application of synthetic materials makes the fire hazard rise from 2000 to 2010, possibly leading to large fires with deaths. While the application of flame-retardant synthetic materials made the fire hazard decline after 2010, which means the role of flame-retardant synthetic materials in fire safety has been highlighted. At the same time, these materials may furtherly lead to "Death caused by small fires". More attention should be paid to reducing the smoke hazard of flame-retardant synthetic materials in the future.