从产权差异到资产分化:98房改以来城镇居民的住房

From Housing Ownership to Housing Wealth: Housing Inequality in Urban China since the 1998 Housing Reform

住房制度改革和房地产业的发展使得城镇居民居住条件得到极大改善,但与之关联的住房利益分化越来越不容忽视。已有研究对住房利益分化的长时段变化趋势缺乏考察。基于98房改之前与之后共9个时点的调查数据,对城镇居民住房状况及住房利益分化趋势的系统分析表明,随着城镇居民的住房条件的改善和产权住房自有率的上升,以产权与实际居住面积度量的住房利益分化大大缩小,但由住房资产所体现的住房利益分化日益凸显,甚至自2010年以来呈现“极化”倾向,而且这一利益分化过程越来越多地受到诸如房价、地理空间等个体经济收入之外的因素的影响。在推动实现“共同富裕”的政策背景下,重新定位房地产业在拉动经济增长过程中的作用,坚持“房住不炒”的政策导向,加强对住房利益分化的调节,已成为一种必然。

The reform of housing system and the development of real estate industry have greatly improved the living conditions of urban residents, but the differentiation of housing interests associated with it cannot be ignored. The existing studies on the investigation of the long-term trend of housing interest differentiation are rare. Based on the survey data of 9 time points before and after the 1998 housing reforms, this study indicates: since the housing reform, housing inequality measured by housing ownership and living area has greatly narrowed, but inequality measured by housing wealth has become increased prominently, and tends to have been polarized since 2010. Moreover, housing wealth inequality is increasingly influenced by factors other than individual economic income, such as housing price and geospatial factors. In the context of promoting the realization of “common prosperity” policy, it has become inevitable to strengthen the regulation of housing inequality in China.