道德之一元论与多元论:缘起、内涵与论争

Monism and pluralism in morality:Origins,connotations and debates

一元论与多元论之争是道德心理学领域近些年最为活跃的理论交锋之一。道德一元论认为所有外在的道德现象与内在的道德结构都可以用一种因素来解释。道德多元论则认为道德不能只用单一因素来解释,而是存在多个不同质的道德维度,且具有文化敏感性。对应道德理论和道德基础理论是这场争议的典型代表。双方就伤害的解释力、道德失声现象、模块化道德与洁净维度独立性等方面展开论争。未来研究应从三个具体方面进一步探索道德之一元论与多元论难题,进而保持道德心理学领域的理论活力。

In recent years,the debates between monism and pluralism are one of the most active theoretical disagreements in the field of moral psychology.Moral monism claims that all moral phenomena on the surface and moral structures behind them can be explained by one factor,and the representative theories are stages theory of moral development and dyadic morality theory,etc.Moral pluralism holds that morality can’t be explained by a single factor,whereas has many heterogeneous moral dimensions and cultural sensitivity.The representative theories are triadic moral discourse theory,relational model theory and moral foundations theory,etc.Moreover,moral foundations theory and dyadic morality theory are the typical representatives of the debates between monism and pluralism.The two theories have engaged in a long and inconclusive dialogue on the harm,purity,modular claims,and moral foundations of politics.Future studies should further explore the monism and pluralism of morality from three specific aspects so as to maintain the vitality of theory in the field of moral psychology.