“大刘记印”玉印与秦汉宗法制度

The“Da Liu Ji Yin”Seal and the Patriarchal System of the Qin and Han Dynasties

海昏侯刘贺墓出土的“大刘记印”玉印,对于印证刘贺身份以及探讨秦汉印玺制度有着重要意义,同时它也是宗族史研究的珍贵资料,涉及属籍谱牒、始封继嗣、宗庙祭祖和宗主尊号等内容。由此考察,“大刘”之“刘”与汉家“诸刘”属籍相联系;“大”读如“太”,与海昏侯国始封君称“太祖”有关,“大刘”之称也并非刘贺所独有。“大刘记印”与南越王赵眛“泰子”印构成西汉王侯等级完整的宗主印玺,彰显着宗法制度下族权的某些特征。

The seal of"Da Liu Ji Yin"(大刘记印)was found in Liu He's tomb of the Marquis Haihun,and was a valuable resource for study the clan history.It was of great significance to confirm Liu He's identity and explore the seal system of the Qin and Han Dynasties.The seal also involved the Royal genealogy,the first Marquis and their heirs,the ancestral temple of worship and the title of the patriarch.From this point of view,the"Liu"(刘)of"Da Liu"(大刘)came from"the Liu"(诸刘)in the Royal genealogy of the Han Dynasty,and the"Da"(大)character should be read as"Tai"(太),which was related to the temple title of"Taizu"(太祖)from the first Marquis of the Haihun State.Liu He's"Da Liu Ji Yin"seal and Tai Zi(泰子)seal of ZhaoMei,the King of Nanyue,were printed with comparable characteristics.The two constituted the complete patriarchal seal of Princes and Marquises in the Western Han Dynasty.