制动条件下高速列车轮轨动态响应特性分析

Investigation of dynamic wheel-rail response characteristics of a high-speed train under braking conditions

为探究制动条件下高速列车轮轨动态响应,利用Abaqus和Simpack建立了考虑钢轨柔性变形的车辆-轨道空间耦合动力学模型。基于多体动力学理论,该模型考虑了车体、构架、轮对、轴箱等车辆系统关键部件的6个自由度,并通过轮轨垂向与切向作用关系,实现车辆与轨道系统的动态耦合。通过与试验结果对比,验证了模型的有效性。基于此,分析了柔性轨道和制动工况对轮轨作用及轴箱振动的影响。结果表明,相比于刚性轨道,柔性轨道上的轮轨垂向接触力和纵向蠕滑力均明显更大,且轴箱振动更为剧烈。随着制动力矩的增加,第一轮对的垂向接触力增大而第二轮对的垂向接触力减小。随着车辆速度等级的增加,轮轨垂向接触力、纵向蠕滑力和车轮磨耗系数均增大;此外,相比垂向接触力,制动力矩对轮轨纵向蠕滑力和车轮磨耗系数的影响更为显著。

To investigate dynamic wheel-rail responses of a high-speed train during braking process,this paper establishes a train-rail spatial coupling dynamics model considering rail flexible deformation using Abaqus and Simpack.Based on the multi-body dynamics theory,the model involves six degrees of freedom of vehicle key components,such as body,bogie frame,wheelset and axle-box.The dynamic coupling between the train and rail systems is realized through wheel-rail vertical and tangential interactions.The proposed dynamics model is verified by the comparison with experimental results.Based on this,the effects of flexible railways and braking conditions on wheel-rail interactions and axle-box vibration are investigated.The results show that,compared with rigid railways,vertical wheel-rail contact force and longitudinal creep force are significantly stronger and the vibration of the axle-box is more severe when the train is running on a flexible track.With the increment of braking torque,vertical contact force of the first wheelset increases,while that of the second wheelset decreases.Vertical wheel-rail contact force,longitudinal creep force and wheel wear coefficient increase with the increment of vehicle speed.Additionally,compared with vertical contact force,braking torque has more remarkable effects on longitudinal wheel-rail creep force and wheel wear coefficient.