油田管道失效成因分析与对策建议

Cause Analysis and Countermeasures of Oilfield Pipeline Failure

从管道失效治理的角度,进行失效数据统计,分析大庆油田管道失效特点,油田老区管道失效率显著高于外围,对管道腐蚀失效成因进行分析。基于典型案例对比,分析油田管道失效主要成因:根据外腐蚀统计,油田中等腐蚀以上区域占比86.5%,管道外防腐层失效严重,阴极保护覆盖率低,运行效果未达标;根据内腐蚀统计,聚合物驱、三元复合驱等驱油技术应用使管输介质的腐蚀作用显著增大,细菌、氧、垢下腐蚀等多种腐蚀形式共存,管道内防腐层失效或缺失。基于管道失效成因分析,提出了基于本质安全的建设期管道失效治理方案建议、基于风险管理的运行期管道失效治理方案建议,为后期油田管道失效治理提供参考。

From the perspective of pipeline failure management,the failure characteristics of pipelines in Daqing Oilfield are analyzed based on the statistics of failure data.The failure rate of pipelines in old oilfield areas is significantly higher than that in the periphery,and the causes of pipeline corrosion failure are analyzed.Based on the comparison of typical cases,the main causes of oilfield pipeline failure are analyzed.From the aspect of external corrosion,the area with moderate corrosion or above accounted for 86.5%,the failure of the external anticorrosion layer is serious,the coverage rate of cathodic protection is low,and the operation effect is not up to the standard.In terms of internal corrosion,the application of polymer flooding,ASP flooding,and other oil displacement technologies significantly enhance the corrosion effect of pipeline transport media,various corrosion forms such as bacteria,oxygen and scale coexist,and the corrosion protection layer in the pipeline fails or(and)is missing.Based on the analysis of the causes of pipeline failure,suggestions of pipeline failure control schemes in the construction period based on intrinsic safety,and pipeline failure control schemes in the operation period based on risk management are put forward,which can provide reference for the later oilfield pipeline failure control.