花粉蛋白水解酶在变应性鼻炎黏膜屏障与炎症通路中的研究进展

Research Progress of Pollen Protein Hydrolase in Mucosal Barrier and Inflammatory Pathway of Allergic Rhinitis

变应性鼻炎是一种由花粉、尘螨、真菌孢子、动物皮屑等过敏原诱导的Th2炎症性疾病,发病率达32%,花粉穿透鼻黏膜屏障的机制与通路尚未完全阐明。气传花粉中蛋白水解酶是风传受精过程关键蛋白,同时参与释放花粉颗粒中的前列腺素E2(PGE2)、白三烯B4(LTB4)等炎症介质,尘螨、霉菌中蛋白水解酶可结合蛋白酶激活受体2(PAR-2)破坏细胞间紧密连接,破坏黏膜上皮屏障。真菌中的蛋白水解酶通过激活Ras/Raf1/ERK信号通路介导的Th2炎症反应。综述了花粉、尘螨、真菌中蛋白水解酶介导变应性鼻炎炎症反应的研究进展。

Allergic rhinitis is a Th2 inflammatory disease caused by pollen,dust mites,fungal spores,animal dandruff and other allergens,with an incidence of 32%of the general population.The mechanism and pathway of pollen penetrating the nasal mucosal barrier have not been fully clarified.Proteolytic enzyme in airborne pollen is a key protein in the process of wind-borne fertilization,and is involved in the release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2(PGE2)and leukotriene B4(LTB4)in pollen grains.Proteolytic enzymes in dust mites and molds can binding to protease-activated receptor 2(PAR-2),destroy the tight connection between cells and destroy the mucosal epithelial barrier.Th2 inflammation is mediated by proteolytic enzymes in fungi by activating Ras/Raf1/ERK signaling pathway.This article reviews the research progress on how proteolytic enzymes in pollen,dust mites and fungi mediate the inflammatory response of allergic rhinitis.