中国农村老年多维贫困特征与动态变化

Multidimensional Poverty Characteristics and Dynamic Changes of the Elderly in Rural China

我们利用CHARLS 2011—2018年追踪调查数据,构建了包含健康状况、生活条件、社会保障和社会参与四个维度,涵盖抑郁情况、洗澡设施、社交活动等10个指标的农村老年多维贫困测度指标体系,并利用该指标体系测算分析了2011—2018年农村老年群多维贫困的特征与动态变化。研究发现:(1)2011—2018年我国农村老年多维贫困状态得到整体性改善。(2)新农合、新农保等基本医疗和养老保险政策的出台,对缓解农村老年多维贫困具有关键决定作用。(3)社交参与、慢性病和抑郁情况是农村老年人口多维贫困的主要构成要素。(4)区域间和基于个体特征的农村老年多维贫困状况及致贫因素差异显著。文章的政策启示是:老龄化背景下要重视缓解老年多维贫困问题,包括提高农村老年群体的社会参与度、重点关注老年群体慢性病和心理健康问题、构建满足老年群体美好生活需要的多元化社会服务体系,扎实推动共同富裕。

Using the CHARLS tracking survey data from 2011 to 2018,this paper constructs a multidimensional poverty indicator system for the elderly in rural areas,which includes four dimensions,health status,quality of life,social security and social participation,as well as 10 indicators including depression,bathing facilities and social activities,etc.The characteristics and dynamic changes of multidimensional poverty among the elderly in rural areas during 2011-2018 were measured and analyzed.The findings are as follows:1)The multidimensional poverty status of the elderly in rural China has comprehensively improved;2)The introduction of basic medical and old-age insurance policies,such as the new rural cooperative medical care system and the new rural insurance system,plays a key role in alleviating the multidimensional poverty of the elderly in rural areas;3)Social participation,chronic disease and depression are the main factors of deprivation faced by older people in rural areas;4)There are significant differences in multidimensional poverty conditions and poverty-causing factors of the elderly in rural areas between regions and based on individual characteristics.The policy implications of this paper are as follows:in the new development stage,we should effectively improve the social participation of rural elderly groups,focus on chronic diseases and mental health problems of elderly groups,build a diversified social service system to meet the needs of elderly groups for a better life,and solidly promote common prosperity.