清代闺秀的文学阅读与文学审美

Literary Reading and Aesthetics of Elite Ladies in the Qing Dynasty

清代闺秀的文学阅读活动非常普遍。阅读是闺秀学习知识、增长学问。成为女作家的基本途径。闺秀对女性作品的阅读,更是女性的文学创作走向自觉与独立的重要一步。通过阅读经典、时贤、女性著作,在作者与读者的互动中,促使社会上形成了良好的女性文学生态,扩大了闺秀诗名的传播,形成了具有性别特征的文学品位与文学审美。更重要的是,闺秀在继承大文学传统的同时,确立了女性写作的“香奁正则”规范,将“灵秀”作为闺秀诗的审美标准,但又欣赏沉雄带有风云之气的女性作品,从而使女性的文学创作在清代文学史上具有鲜明的性别特色。

Literary reading activities of elite ladies in the Qing Dynasty were very common.Reading was the basic way for elite ladies to learm and increase their knowledge,and become female writers.Their readings of women's works were an important step for women's literary creation to become conscious and independent.Their readings of classics,contemporaries and female works led to the formation of a notable female literary ecology in society in the interaction between authors and readers,which enhanced the popularity of female poets and formed literary tastes and aesthetics with distinctive gender characteristics.More significantly,while ladies inherited the literary tradition of the times,they established the"xianglianzhenge"("香奁正则")norm of female writing and took"lingxiu"("灵秀")as the aesthetic criteria of elite ladies’poetry,however,they also appreciated the female works which were both chenxiong(沉雄)and fengyunzhiqi(风云之气).Thereby,the women's literary writings in literary history of the Qing Dynasty were character-ized with distinctive gender features.