一步之遥:国家管辖外区域海洋生物多样性谈判分歧与前景展望

A Step to Victory: Main Divergences of and Prospects for Intergovernmental Negotiations on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性(BBNJ)的养护和可持续利用问题的国际谈判已经进入关键阶段。在2022年8月结束的第五次政府间谈判中,各国代表团开始就一些议题进行妥协,谈判呈现一些新的特点。尽管各方仍在诸多议题上存在分歧,但多数国家对这些分歧持灵活态度,真正难以协调的实质性分歧事项在减少。与中国国家利益密切相关,且可能会影响下一次谈判能否顺利达成协定的分歧,主要包括海洋遗传资源的货币化惠益分享、划区管理工具的识别与争议海域、决策机制以及争端解决程序等四大议题。对于中国来说,目前BBNJ国际协定案文草案中的部分条款尚不能有效地兼顾我国国家利益,下一次谈判还面临很大的压力。

The intergovernmental negotiations on marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction( BBNJ) have entered a vital stage. During the fifth intergovernmental conference that concluded in August 2022,delegations started to compromise on certain issues and new characteristics appeared. Although divergent views from different delegations remained,many delegations stated that their positions are flexible indicating that the real divergence is decreasing. The key divergences that concern China’s national interest and might relate to whether next negotiation could reach a deal include four issues. They are monetary benefit sharing of marine generic resources,identification of area-based management tools and disputed maritime areas,decision making mechanisms,and dispute settlement procedures. From the perspective of China,the existing provisions under BBNJ draft agreements cannot satisfy China’s national interest,and it is challenging for China to change this disadvantageous situation in the forthcoming negotiation.