小桐子生物碱粗提物杀虫抑菌活性的初步研究

Preliminary Study on Insecticidal and Antibacterial Activities of Crude Alkaloid Extract from Jatropha curcas L.

[目的]为了探索小桐子综合开发利用的价值,对小桐子生物碱粗提物杀虫抑菌活性进行初步研究。[方法]以攀西地区2种农业主要害虫(甘蓝蚜虫、菜青虫)和3种病原菌(石榴干腐病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和草莓灰霉病菌)为试验材料,采用点滴法和生长速率法对小桐子生物碱粗提物的杀虫抑菌活性进行了生物测定。[结果]在杀虫活性方面,小桐子生物碱粗提物对同翅目的甘蓝蚜虫和鳞翅目的菜青虫均具有较高触杀活性,其LC_(50)值范围为46.249 7~61.064 6 mg/L,LC_(90)值范围为331.714 0~342.491 7 mg/L,总体上与2.5%溴氰菊酯EC的杀虫效果相当;在抑制病原真菌方面,小桐子生物碱粗提物对石榴干腐病菌、苹果腐烂病菌和草莓灰霉病菌的EC_(50)分别为70.635 5、52.400 6和133.412 2 mg/L,其抑菌效果一定程度上优于对照药剂50%多菌灵WP。[结论]小桐子提取物有较强的杀虫抑菌作用,在植物源农药的开发方面具有良好的应用前景。

[Objective] To explore the application value of Jatropha curcas L., preliminary study on insecticidal and antibacterial activities of crude alkaloid extract from Jatropha curcas L. was carried out.[Method] Two major agricultural pests(cabbage aphid, cabbage green worm) and three pathogens(pomegranate dry rot, apple rot and strawberry gray mold) in Panxi area were used as experimental materials to determine the insecticidal and bacteriostatic activities of crude alkaloid extract from Jatropha curcas L. by dripping method and growth rate method.[Result] In terms of insecticidal activity, the crude alkaloid extract from Jatropha curcas L. had high contact activity against homoptera cabbage aphids and lepidoptera cabbage caterpillars. The LC_(50) values ranged from 46.249 7 to 61.064 6 mg/L, and the LC_(90) values ranged from 331.714 0 to 342.491 7 mg/L, which was generally equivalent to the insecticidal effect of 2.5% deltamethrin EC;In terms of inhibiting pathogenic fungi, the EC_(50) of the crude alkaloid extract from Jatropha curcas L. against pomegranate dry rot, apple rot and strawberry gray mould were 70.635 5, 52.400 6 and 133.412 2 mg/L respectively, and its antibacterial effect was better than that of the control agent 50% carbendazim WP to a certain extent.[Conclusion]In conclusion, the extract of Jatropha curcas L. has strong insecticidal and bacteriostatic effects, and has good application prospects in the development of botanical pesticides.