基于“双重维度”需要的学校武术教育改革

The Reform of School Wushu Education Based on Double Dimensional Needs

从主体和本体的关系视角出发,“学生和武术”的发展需要是决定学校武术教育成败的关键。针对学校武术教育存在武术发展与学生需要互不匹配的现实困局,通过文献资料法、专家咨询法等,对我国学校武术教育使命进行了历史性梳理,并提出了基于“学生和武术”双重维度需要的实施策略。研究认为:学校武术是武术的子体,应承担起“武化教育”的重任,从需要层面将学生和武术置于平行关系的同等地位,以满足二者的发展需要。提出应采取“理论和技术”双修的教育模式,满足武术自身发展需要——即技术层面把握传统武术和竞技武术多样性并存,理论层面贯彻落实武德文化教育;依功能划分对武术实施分层利导,满足学生成长需要。

Starting from the relationship between subject and noumenon, the development of “students and Wushu” is the key to the success or failure of school Wushu education. Aiming at the realistic dilemma that the development of Wushu and students′ needs do not match each other, this paper analyzed the historical mission of school Wushu education in China through literature review and expert consultation, and proposed an implementation strategy based on the double needs of “students and Wushu”. Conclusions: School Wushu education is a subsection of Wushu culture, and it should bear the responsibility of “Wushu culture education”, placing students and Wushu on a par relationship to meet the development needs of both;to achieve this, the education mode of “theory and practice” should be adopted to meet Wushu′s own development needs, i.e., the technical aspect of co-development of traditional and competitive Wushu and the theoretical aspect of all-round execution of Wushu moral culture education;and Wushu education should be implemented based on its functional divisions and students′ actual situations so that the growth needs of students can be met.