北京市水资源演变趋势分析

Analysis on evolution trend of water resources in Beijing

由于经济社会的不断发展,水资源短缺问题日益凸显。为实现区域的水资源可持续利用,以北京市为研究对象,通过收集研究区1986—2020年的降雨量、水资源可利用量、水资源开发利用情况、供水情况及用水情况等,对研究区的水资源演变趋势进行了分析研究。研究区降雨量处于减少的趋势,这与气候变化和城镇化有关;由于降雨量的减少,导致研究区地表水和地下水的水资源量均出现减少的趋势,其中地表水相对地下水的减少趋势更加明显;研究区自2000年以后,通过加强非常规水源和外调水的使用,地表水和地下水的开发利用率相比2000年之前处于减少的趋势,有效缓解了水资源的紧缺问题;经过多年实施水资源调控政策,研究区的工业用水、农业用水出现明显的下降,生活用水和生态用水处于增长的趋势,说明研究区水资源调控效果显著。通过研究北京市的水资源演变趋势,可为区域制定相关水管理政策提供数据支撑,同时可为水资源短缺的区域水资源管理提供理论和方法借鉴。

Due to the continuous development of economy and society, the problem of water shortage has become increasingly prominent. This paper collected the rainfall, available, development and utilization of water resources, water supply and water use in Beijing from 1986-2020 to analyzed the evolution trend of water resources. The rainfall in the study area was on a decreasing trend, which was related to climate change and urbanization. Due to the decrease in rainfall, the water resources of surface water and groundwater in the study area had a decreasing trend, and the decreasing trend of surface water relative to groundwater was more obvious. Since 2000, through strengthening the use of unconventional water sources and diverted water, the development rate of surface water and groundwater had been on a decreasing trend, which effectively alleviating the shortage of water resources. After years of implementation of water resource regulation policies, the industrial and agricultural water use in the study area had dropped significantly, while domestic water and ecological water use were on the rise, indicating that the study area had a significant effect on water resource regulation. This paper provide data support for the formulation of relevant water management policies in Beijing, and can also provide theoretical and methodological references for water resources management in areas with water shortages.