新加坡公共住宅区更新改造的政策体系、主要策略与经验启示

The Policy System and Main Strategies of the Public Housing Upgrading Programmes in Singapore and Its Enlightenment

伴随我国城市改造的重点从旧城更新转向老旧小区改造,诸多问题不断凸显。过去30年中,新加坡及时应对社会经济发展和社区需求的转变,通过大量的改造项目持续推动公共住宅区的更新。一方面通过形式多样、差异化的环境营造提升了老旧住宅区的空间品质,培育了居民的自豪感和归属感;另一方面维系了原有紧密的社会邻里和家庭代际联系,以避免贫民窟、绅士化等社会问题的出现。本文通过对新加坡公共住宅区相关更新政策、具体改造策略和实践活动进行梳理,总结出新加坡公共住宅区更新改造的四个特点:与时俱进的改造策略应对多样化生活需求,采取政府主导、多方参与、民主决策的更新机制,持续性的科学研究与技术支持推进更新实践,以及注重全面可持续的社区发展。笔者期望新加坡的更新经验能为我国当前老旧小区改造的工作提供借鉴与启示。

As the focus of urban renovation in China shifts from old city to old residential area,many problems continue to emerge. Over past three decades, responding to the changes in socio-economic development and community needs in time, Singapore has been continuing to promote the renovation of public residential areas through a number of upgrading programmes.Such upgrading programmes have improved the space quality of public housing and helped to cultivate a sense of belonging through the creation of diverse and differentiated environments.Additionally, the original and close relationships of social neighbours and intergenerational family members have been maintained, avoiding the appearance of social problems such as slums and gentrification. Based on the study of renovation policies, strategies and practices of Singapore’s public housing, this paper concludes four major features of Singapore’s public housing upgrading programmes: transformative strategies responding to the diverse daily demands, a governmentled, multi-participation, democratic decision-making renovation mechanism, the promoting of renovation practices with continuous scientific research and technical support, and the focusing on comprehensive and sustainable community development. It is expected that Singapore’s upgrading experiences can enlighten current China’s old residential area renovation.