邻避设施决策的公共价值失灵危机及其治理——基于J垃圾焚烧发电项目的实证考察

Public Values Failures Crisis and its Governance in Decision-making of NIMBY Facility:An Empirical Study Based on J Waste-to-energy Incineration Project

现有文献未能全面廓清邻避设施决策失败的成因,本文提出应从公共价值失灵角度对邻避设施决策全过程展开分析评估。研究依据波兹曼提出的公共价值失灵标准,以A市J垃圾焚烧发电项目选址案例为研究对象,阐释了地方政府邻避设施决策的公共价值失灵问题及其重塑实践。研究发现,社会公众与地方政府、特许经营企业之间具有价值偏好的高异质性、价值需求的强冲突性和价值共识的难达成性的特征,引发J项目决策由内而外在三个不同主体层次出现公共价值失灵问题。A市政府采取的J项目决策改进路径呈现出丰富的公共价值重塑意涵,大幅缓解了各主体层次的公共价值失灵问题,为有效化解邻避危机提供了善治样本。本文还根据J项目决策全过程中出现的公共价值失灵问题与采取的公共价值重塑实践,推演并建构了邻避设施决策公共价值失灵风险图谱与公共价值风险管理账户,既拓展了公共价值理论的研究视野,对各方认识和解决邻避问题也大有裨益。

The existing literature has not fully clarified the causes of failure in decision-making of Not-In-My-Back-Yard(NIMBY)facility,this study proposes to analyze and evaluate the whole decision-making process of NIMBY facility from the perspective of public value failure.Based on the public value failure standards proposed by Bozeman and taking site selection case of J waste-to-energy incineration project in A city as the research object,and explains the problem of public values failures and its reshaping practices in local government decision-making process of NIMBY facility.It finds that social public has high heterogeneities of value preference,strong conflicts of value demand and great difficulties of value consensus with local government and franchising enterprise,causing public values failures in the decision-making process of J project at three different subjective levels from the inside out.The decision-making improvement path of the J project adopted by the A city government presents a wealth of public values reshaping implications,which greatly alleviates the problem of public values failures at all subjective levels,and provides a good governance sample for effectively resolving NIMBY crisis.This study also bases on public values failures problem occurred and public values reshaping practices taken in the whole decision-making process of J project,deduces and constructs public value failure risk mapping and public value risk reduction account applied to decision-making process of NIMBY facility.This study not only expands the research field of public value theory,but also is of great benefit to all parties to understand and solve NIMBY problem.