基于BIM技术的火灾仿真与人员疏散仿真的耦合研究

Coupling Research of Fire Simulation and Personnel Evacuation Simulation based on BIM Model

针对传统隧道火灾模拟因简化而与真实火灾场景偏差较大的现况,以大型盾构隧道东六环地下道路为依托,基于BIM技术进行火灾仿真与人员疏散仿真的耦合研究。首先在人行横通道和竖向疏散楼梯尺寸满足规范的前提下,对人行横通道间距结合不同竖向疏散楼梯间距对人员疏散的影响进行耦合研究,通过与非耦合疏散结果对比,揭示出不同烟气条件对人员疏散过程的耦合影响程度,从而得出东六环地下道路人行横通道和竖向疏散楼梯间距的推荐值,并发现耦合研究可以使模拟结果更接近真实情况。然后基于重点排烟模式进行隧道内人员疏散的模拟研究,得出东六环地下道路采用重点排烟模式时,在上述疏散参数推荐值下的人员安全疏散策略。该研究所采取的方法可为其他工程火灾工况的人员疏散模拟分析提供借鉴。

In view of the current situation that the traditional tunnel fire simulation has a large deviation from the real fire scene due to simplification, based on the underground road of the large shield tunnel of the East Sixth Ring Road, a coupled study of fire simulation and personnel evacuation simulation was conducted by BIM. Firstly, on the premise of the dimensions of the transverse passage and vertical evacuation stairs meeting the specifications, a coupled study about the combination of the transverse passage spacing and the different vertical evacuation stairs spacing on the influence of personnel evacuation was studied. Compared with non coupling evacuation results, the degree of various smoke coupling influence on the evacuation process was discovered and the recommended value of the spacing between the cross passage and the evacuation stairs of the East Sixth Ring Road underground road were obtained. It was found that the coupling study can make the simulation results closer to the real situation. Then, based on the key smoke exhaust mode, the simulation study of the personnel evacuation in the tunnel was carried out. When the key smoke exhaust mode was adopted, the strategy of personnel safety evacuation under the recommended values of the above evacuation parameters has been given. The methods adopted in this study can provide reference for the simulation of personnel evacuation in other engineering under fire conditions.