2011—2020年我国突发环境事件分布特征及影响因素研究

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Environmental Emergencies in China During 2011-2020

本文对“十二五”和“十三五”期间我国突发环境事件时空分布特征及影响因素进行系统研究,以期为“十四五”期间制定突发环境事件防控措施提供科学的数据支撑。研究表明,2011—2020年突发环境事件频次呈先上升后下降的趋势,2013年达到峰值。华东地区突发环境事件频次占全国总数的41.4%,由于地方环保政策相关工作的积极推进,“十三五”期间突发环境事件显著减少。相关性分析结果表明,突发环境事件频次与废气、废水中污染物排放量呈现一定的正相关,而与环保系统机构数、全国环保系统人数、政协提案数和全国当年颁布地方性法规规章标准数存在一定的负相关。总体来看,“十二五”和“十三五”期间环保方面的立法和政府强化风险应急管理对突发环境事件的控制,起到一定的积极影响。

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of environmental emergencies was analyzed in China during the 12th and 13th Five-year Plan Period, exploring the influencing factors, which provided scientific data for the formulation and implementation of the prevention and control plan for environmental emergencies during the 14th Five-year Plan Period. The results showed that the number of emergencies in China has increased first and then decreased from 2011 to 2020 and reached a peak in 2013. The number of incidents in East China accounted for 41.4% of the total. As the active promotion of local environmental protection policies, the number of environmental emergencies decreased significantly during the 13th Five-year Plan Period. The results of correlation analysis showed that the number of environmental emergencies has a certain positive correlation with the discharge of major pollutants in waste gas and water. There is a certain negative correlation between environmental emergencies and the number of environmental protection institutions, people in the national environmental protection administrative organ, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference proposals and local regulations, rules and standards issued during the 12th and 13th Five-year Plan Period. In short, China’s legislation on environmental protection and government attention on risk emergency management have a certain positive impact on the control of environmental emergencies.