术前临床诊断表皮囊肿患者的临床病理特征分析

Clinicopathological analysis of patients with clinically diagnosed epidermal cyst

目的分析临床诊断表皮囊肿患者的临床病理特征,总结临床误诊表皮囊肿的常见疾病。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月在复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院皮肤科术前临床诊断为表皮囊肿患者的特征和病理结果。结果共收集204例患者207例手术标本。150例(72.5%)为表皮囊肿标本,来源于男性96例、女性54例,21~30岁最常见(33.3%)。非表皮囊肿标本57例,包括皮肤纤维瘤11例、毛母质瘤7例、皮脂腺囊瘤6例、神经纤维瘤4例、外毛根鞘囊肿3例、钙盐沉积2例、神经鞘瘤2例、传染性软疣1例、皮肤混合瘤1例、皮角1例、血管瘤1例、乳头状汗管囊腺瘤1例、乳头状汗腺腺瘤1例、寻常狼疮1例、嗜酸粒细胞增多性血管淋巴样增生1例、淋巴细胞浸润14例。结论表皮囊肿好发于青年男性,表皮囊肿术前诊断较为准确,最易误诊为皮肤纤维瘤。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and pathological results of clinical diagnosed epidermal cyst.Methods Clinical and pathological data of patients who were diagnosed as epidermal cyst in Xiamen Branch,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 207 specimen from 204patients were enrolled.150(72.5%)specimen were histologically diagnosed as epidermal cyst,of which 96 were male and 54 were female.Patients aged from 21 to 30 years accounted for 33.3%of the cases.The other 57 specimen were histologically diagnosed as non-epidermal cyst,including 11 dermatofibroma,7 pilomatricoma,6 sebaceous cyst,4 neurofibroma,3 trichilemmal cyst,2calcium deposition,2 neurinoma,1 molluscum contagiosum,1 mixed tumor of the skin,1 cutaneous horn,1 case of hemangioma,1syringocystadenoma papilliferum,1 hidradenoma papilliferum,1 lupus vulgaris,1 angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia,14lymphocyte infiltration.Conclusion Epidermal cyst is common in young male,the presurgery diagnosis is more accurate and the most common misdiagnosis is dermatofibroma.