线粒体调控免疫系统激活及代谢调节的分子机制

Molecular mechanism of mitochondrial regulation on immune system activation and metabolism

作为真核细胞至关重要的细胞器,线粒体不仅参与细胞能量代谢和细胞分化、信息传递、凋亡、调控细胞生长和周期等多种生物学过程,还参与到机体的免疫系统激活和免疫调节.免疫代谢被认为是控制免疫细胞增殖和分化的关键因素.静息淋巴细胞通过氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)和脂肪酸氧化产生能量,而活化淋巴细胞则迅速转入糖酵解.OXPHOS及通过电子传递链产生的线粒体活性氧参与到免疫细胞的许多功能.此外,线粒体是一种动态细胞器,可提供线粒体DNA等免疫原性分子,导致免疫系统激活.本文主要从免疫原性和免疫代谢和两个方面综述线粒体在激活和调节免疫系统方面的分子机制.

As a vital organelle of eukaryotic cells,mitochondria not only participate in a variety of biological processes,such as cell energy metabolism and cell differentiation,information transmission,apoptosis,regulation of cell growth and cycle,but also involved in immune system activation and immune regulation.Immune metabolism is considered to be the key factor to control the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells.Resting lymphocytes provide energy through oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS)and fatty acid oxidation,while activated lymphocytes rapidly transfer to glycolysis.OXPHOS and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species produced through the electron transport chain are associated with many functions of immune cells.In addition,mitochondria are dynamic organelles,which can generate immunogenic molecules such as mitochondrial DNA,leading to the activation of the immune system.This article mainly reviews the molecular mechanism of mitochondria in activating and regulating the immune system from immunogenicity and immune metabolism.